水龙吟·咏月
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宋代]：晁端礼
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倦游京洛风尘，夜来病酒无人问。九衢雪小，千门月淡，元宵灯近。香散梅梢，冻消池面，一番春信。记南楼醉里，西城宴阕，都不管、人春困。
屈指流年未几，早人惊、潘郎双鬓。当时体态，如今情绪，多应瘦损。马上墙头，纵教瞥见，也难相认。凭栏干，但有盈盈泪眼，罗襟揾。
水龙吟·咏月鉴赏
起首二句先把词人可悲的身世揭示出来。“京洛风尘”，语本晋人陆机《为顾彦先赠妇诗》之一：“京洛多风尘，素衣化为缁。”此处盖喻词人汴京官场上的落拓不遇。“病酒”，谓饮酒过量而身体不适。词人由于政治上不得意，常以酒浇愁。可是酒饮多了，反而沉醉如病。官场失意，酒病缠身，境况可谓惨矣，复着以“无人问”三字，其羁旅漂零之苦，尤为难堪。
此词开门见山，句句写实，与一般长调大异其趣。接下来，词人的视线从住处的窗口向外探视，无边夜色，尽入毫端，化实为虚一下子，词境变得空灵了。词人写道：九衢上的残雪斑斑驳驳，天空中的朦胧淡月照进千门万户。词人这清净、洁白的世界里，胸襟自然为之一畅。接着夜风送来梅花的清香，池塘表面上的薄冰已经融解。这些景物上都被词人抹上了一层感情色彩，仿佛是他的心灵附着这些景物上，他那因酒而病的身躯与心灵自然景色的陶冶中，渐渐轻松了，开朗了。此刻，他不仅想到一年一度的元宵佳节即将来临，不仅感受到春天的信息已经来到，而且他的思绪也回复到往年醉酒听歌的快乐生涯。“南楼”，指冶游之地：“西城”指汴京西郑门外金明池和琼林苑，都是北宋时游览胜地。这里以对仗的句式强调当年的豪情胜概。特别是“都不管、人春困”一句，以口语出之，使人如闻其声，如见其人，更见其豪情万丈。
过片又写目前衰颜，从上片歇拍的豪情收回来，与起首二句遥相映射。“潘郎双鬓”，谓两鬓已生白发，语本潘岳《秋兴赋》：“余春秋三十有二，始见二毛。”“屈指”二字是起点，点明词人是算计，以下都是写算计中的思维活动。词人不仅惊觉自己早生华发，而且联想到对方如今愁苦的情绪，于是深感她的形容应该已经消瘦。“多应”二字，表明这是想象和狡滑，而一往深情，皆寓其中。以下三句，是这种感情的延伸。“马上墙头”，语本白居易《井底引银瓶》诗：“妾弄青梅凭短墙，君骑白马傍垂杨。墙头马上遥相顾，一见知君即断肠。”至此，方正面点出词人昔日曾与一位女子邂逅。但无情的岁月凋谢了彼此的容颜，即使相逢恐亦不敢相认，言之不胜伤感。款款深情娓娓道来，情韵悠然相生，笔锋收纵自如。
结尾三句，设想对方凭阑凝望，罗襟揾泪。此处全用情语作结，却收到余味无穷的艺术效果。运用移情手法，词人晁词把仕途的失意、人生的感慨化作盈盈泪水，风格纤弱。揾者，拭也。
此词以精湛的结构、声韵和语言，抒发了作者仕途上和爱情上的挫折所带来的失意与苦闷，寄托了深沉的身世感慨。全词情景交融，对仗工整，色泽浓淡相宜，结构疏密相间，一气呵成，读来令人一咏三叹，堪称绝妙好词。此词无论词的结构、声韵、用字设色等方面都显示了作者的当行本色，将其人生不得意的感慨抒发得淋漓尽致，动人心魄。
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柳宗元《
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新植海石榴》
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白居易《
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早蝉》
晁端礼简介
唐代·晁端礼的简介
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晁端礼(1046～1113) 北宋词人。名一作元礼。字次膺。开德府清丰县（今属河南）人，因其父葬于济州任城（今山东济宁），遂为任城人。徽宗政和三年(1113),由于蔡京举荐,应诏来到京城。适逢宫禁中莲荷初生，他进《并蒂芙蓉》词，大得徽宗称赏。于是以承事郎为大晟府协律。黄称他"与万俟雅言（咏）齐名，按月律进词"（《唐宋诸贤绝妙词选》卷七）。未及供职即病逝。
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