鸣雁行
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唐代]：李白
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胡雁鸣，辞燕山，昨发委羽朝度关。
衔芦枝，南飞散落天地间，连行接翼往复还。
客居烟波寄湘吴，凌霜触雪毛体枯。
畏逢矰缴惊相呼，闻弦虚坠良可吁。
君更弹射何为乎？
鸣雁行译文及注释
译文
胡雁飞鸣，辞别燕山，昨日从委羽山出发，今日早晨便度过了雁门关。
胡雁一个个都口衔芦枝，向南飞翔，散落存于天地之间。它们连行接翼，不断地沿着这条路线往返。
胡雁客居于湘吴之间，由于要抵御霜雪而体衰羽枯。
因怕人射猎而惊相叫呼，整日心惊胆颤，即使听到弓弦的虚响也会从天下掉下来，实在是令人怜惜。
胡雁这样的可怜，诸君为什么还要射猎它们呢？
注释
鸣雁行：乐府旧题。《乐府诗集》卷六十八列于《杂曲歌辞》。
胡雁：北方的大雁。胡：古代称北方和西方的各民族。
燕（yān）山：在今河北省东北部。自蓟县东南迤逦而东，经玉田、丰润直至海滨。
委羽：传说中的北方极地。此指北方。《淮南子·地形训》：北方曰委羽。高诱注：委羽，山名也。在北方之阴，不见日也。关：一说指雁门关，在今山西代县。一说指山海关，在今河北秦皇岛。
衔芦枝：《淮南子·修务训》：夫雁顺风以爱气力，衔芦而翔以备矰弋。
湘：指湖南，吴指江苏南部。此泛指南方。居烟波，寄湘吴，在修辞上为互文。
凌霜：抵抗霜寒。常用以比喻人品格高洁，坚贞不屈。
矰（zēng）缴（zhuó）：系有丝绳以射鸟的短箭。同“矰弋”。矰：用绳子栓着的箭。缴：拴箭的绳子。
良可吁：实可叹。
何为：即“为何”，为什么，何故。宾语前置用法。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：153-154
鸣雁行创作背景
此诗当作于作者流放夜郎被赦还之后。诗中李白以雁之散落流离以寄己身世之悲，似晚年流离湘吴时期之作。
参考资料：
1、宋绪连 初旭．三李诗鉴赏辞典．长春：吉林文史出版社，1992：147-150
鸣雁行鉴赏
候鸟迁徙的习惯，自古以来一直没有改变。为了适应气候的变化，为了生存和发展，大雁每年冬天都要从北飞到南，春天又从南飞到北。代代如此，毫无变更。这种因历史文化地理因素产生的生态平衡现象，一直成为历代文人墨客歌咏的题材。李白的这首《鸣雁行》就是借写胡雁迁徙的艰辛，抒发对“暗箭”的畏恐心理。
“胡雁鸣，辞燕山，昨发委羽朝度关”，开头三句写北雁辞别故乡南来。雁鸣中天，划空而过，似乎是为了逃离某种灾难或留恋故乡而悲鸣，它们从燕山一带南下，一直不曾停留。雁鸣声在历代诗人笔下往往带有凄厉的伤感色彩如谢灵运诗“嗷嗷云中雁，举翮自委羽。”“昨发委羽朝度关”一句写雁南徙的速度之快，显示大雁对季节变化的敏感，也写出人通过对候鸟的观察从而感受春秋代序。
据说雁在长途跋涉时为了防范人的弋射，便口衔芦苇，令箭不得截其翼，所以成群结队“一一衔芦枝”。《古今注》说，雁自河北渡江南，瘦瘠能高飞，箭射不到，所以不怕被射杀。但是到南方后，气候的温润，物产丰饶，换过羽毛后便增加了体重，到了要回到北方时，体肥不能高飞，怕被人捕获，经常口衔芦苇数寸，以防被射中。“南飞散落天地间，连行接翼往复还”，两句概括了南来北往的雁阵的这一特殊求生现象。虽然这体现出雁群防御的本能，但是这种防范措施在捕射者看来的确微不足道。这就更显出大雁被射杀的命运不可避免，以及诗人的担忧。
接写南飞的大雁寄居之处：“客居烟波寄湘吴。”江南地区以湘、吴最为平沃，潇湘洞庭又常作为江南鱼米之乡和古代诗词描绘诗人理想去处的代名词，因为那里是楚文化的发祥地。而此处的“客居”又带有李白的生活经历。李白遭谗言，愤而离开玄宗，又因参加永王李璘的西征而被流放，许多忧愤无处申说，而在这种境地里，历尽艰辛的大雁的形象又分明寄寓了诗人的感情了。尽管是局部的寒冷气候，“凌霜触雪”也足以让这些南来之禽“毛体枯”了。“凌霜触雪”表明环境的严酷，大雁为了生存，需要觅食出行，但终因内外环境的险恶而需付出重大代价，还要经常处在一种担心被捕杀的害怕状态之中，所谓“畏逢矰缴惊相呼”。这句大意说，大雁经常互相以鸣叫声来招呼同伴，好象这种方法可以躲过被射杀的厄运似的，但实际上却是完全不由自主。一“惊”字，生动地写出大雁惶惑恐惧之情状。
诗人设想，在这种情形中，只要听到有弓弦的声音，大雁便会从空坠落。“闻弦虚坠良可吁”，是说这种境遇的危险，生命的毫无保障，是多么的可悲可叹。因此诗人愤而责问：或许它们还在充当信使，为远方的人们传递信息哩，为什么要对这种毫不妨碍人类生存的义禽动杀机？这里流露出诗人的不平和愤激。
鲍照的《鸣雁行》叹雁之辛苦霜雪，为了在自然环境中竞争生存而付出重大代价，李白则在本诗中感叹雁之无辜遭弹射；增加了人为的险恶环境。不难看出，写雁的遭遇正是为自己的逢难寓感。这一用意，明代的胡震亨早已指出。明代文徵明有《鹧鸪天·秋雁》词，其中“江湖满地皆矰缴，何处西风有稻梁。”也是借大雁随时都有罹难的危险，表达封建社会文人的忧患心态，可以看出受李白的影响。或者说封建社会的文人就如雪中雁，随时都有遭射杀的危险，所以鸿雁传书的义举、迁徙的悲鸣与艰辛等情形就特别容易引起人们的注意，而结合自己的遭遇写出的观感就更真切感人。
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郑燮《
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咏芭蕉》
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王沂孙《
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齐天乐·萤》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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苏轼
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野鸟游鱼信往还，此身同寄水云间。
谁家晚吹残红叶，一夜归心满旧山。
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端午帖子·太上皇帝阁
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宋代：
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周必大
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此日天中节，它年赤伏符。
只因昭火德，不为记荆吴。