北禽
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唐代]：李商隐
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为恋巴江好，无辞瘴雾蒸。
纵能朝杜宇，可得值苍鹰。
石小虚填海，芦铦未破矰。
知来有乾鹊，何不向雕陵。
北禽译文及注释
译文
温暖的巴江是这样的美丽迷人，我在身旁不惧四季风霜岂怕岚烟瘴雾薰蒸。
即使我能实现美好的愿望，去朝拜蜀帝杜字，又怎么愿意逢着凶猛的苍鹰？
精卫不停地投掷小石，妄想把大海填平，大雁含着尖锐的芦苇也难逃弓箭的伤损。
我正向那知来不知往的乾鹊，为什么不脱身远遁由南向北飞到雕陵？
注释
北禽：北来的飞鸟。
瘴：瘴气，旧指南方山林间湿热蒸郁致人疾病的气。
朝：朝拜。杜宇：即杜鹃鸟，传说杜宇本是古蜀国的国君，失国而死，化为杜鹃。
苍鹰：性凶恶的猛禽，搏杀小鸟为食。此处代指严酷凶恶的人。
填海：指炎帝之女，因游东海淹死，化为精卫，经常衔西山木一石去填东海之事。后常以“精卫填海”喻人意志坚定不移。
铦（xiān）：锋利。矰（zēng）：一种用丝绳系住以便于射飞鸟的短箭。
乾鹊：传说中筑巢只取树梢枝而不取堕地桂的鹊。此处意指奋力进取，不甘屈居人下的人。
雕陵：地名。《庄子》载庄周在雕陵一带游赏，曾目睹一异鹊自南方来。
参考资料：
1、顾之京．李商隐诗歌精选：花山文艺出版社，1996：37-38
2、李旭升．巴中诗文：四川人民出版社，2006：180
3、四川省三台县委员会文史资料委员会．李商隐梓州诗今译：四川省三台县委员会文史资料委员会，1994：14-16
北禽创作背景
鸣橹诗人于大中五年随东川节度使柳仲邪至成都，见闻蜀中除跟吐蕃和党项之间的民族纠纷外，还爆发了蓬果二州的农民起义，知道这里并不是王道乐土。无论到何地任职，他都会充满了一种忧谗畏讥的心理；但谗虽可忧，却不可避；讥虽可畏，却也难防，这么一来，诗人竟是连明说的勇气都没有了。这首诗即是在这样的背景下创作的。
参考资料：
1、四川省三台县委员会文史资料委员会．李商隐梓州诗今译：四川省三台县委员会文史资料委员会，1994：14-16
2、邓中龙．李商隐诗译注·第3卷：岳麓书社，2000：1337-1338
北禽鉴赏
诗的前四句说自己不畏南方之氤氲瘴气而来到东蜀柳幕任职，虽能见知于主人，却无奈困于小人的谗口，备受嫉恨与排斥。诗人觉得自己像衔石填海的精卫鸟和衔芦远飞的孤雁，小石终不可能填平大海，而孤雁随时随地都可能受到一切不可预知的袭击。这正是诗人在梓州柳幕遭际艰危的写照。诗人怀抱理想不辞辛劳自北南下，能得一枝之栖已属难得，然小心力劳，不但理想抱负依然落空，竞连生存本身亦重重困阻且时有隐忧。因此诗末兴起远离避祸之想，以反诘句自问：像乾鹊一样有“知来”之智，为何不飞向雕陵以远害呢？这是企盼之词，饱含着诗人难言的苦衷，内心焦虑而痛苦、自怨自艾而又无力自拔之意跃然纸上。然而就像填海失败、避猎未成的精卫鸟和秋雁，虽然弱小，却有着填平大海的愿望和冲破强敌艚缴的斗志，诗人怀抱理想、风节耿耿，非但没有表现萎靡猥琐的姿态，反而洋溢着坚忍不屈的精神，尽管他最后遭到偃蹇的命运，却以其卓具雄心、英姿勃勃的形象而能引起人们的赞美和同情。
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李商隐《
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巴江柳》
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张炎《
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绮罗香·红叶》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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