水龙吟·赋张斗墅家古松五粒
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宋代]：吴文英
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有人独立空山，翠髯未觉霜颜老。新香秀粒，浓光绿浸，千年春小。布影参旗，障空云盖，沉沉秋晓。驷苍虬万里，笙吹凤女，骖飞乘、天风袅。
般巧。霜斤不到。汉游仙、相从最早。皱鳞细雨，层阴藏月，朱弦古调。问讯东桥，故人南岭，倚天长啸。待凌霄谢了，山深岁晚，素心才表。
水龙吟·赋张斗墅家古松五粒鉴赏
《水龙吟》，又名《龙吟曲》、《庄椿岁》、《小楼连苑》。《清真集》入“越调”，《梦窗词》集入“无射商”。
张斗墅，即张蕴，字仁溥，号斗墅，扬州人，嘉熙（宋理宗年号，公元1237—1240年）间为沿江制置使属官，公元1256年（宝祐四年）干办行在诸司粮料院。有《斗墅支稿》。“古松五粒”，“粒”，言其细小。因而，在张斗墅家的五株古松，实为盆栽之松。又说“粒”者鬣也,系音近，故称者异。五鬣者，言如马鬣形也，如李贺有《五粒小松歌》，岑参诗“五粒松花酒”，林宽诗“庭高五粒松”皆是。
上片将盆栽古松与山野的古松作一对比。“有人”两句，将盆中古松拟人化。此言盆景上怪石嶙峋如山兀立，古松栽于其旁，犹如人独立于山间。古松虽是已有千年的树龄，但是看起来仍旧是郁郁葱葱苍翠欲滴。“新香”三句。言古松虽小，却能散发出阵阵清香。在阳光照射下，松针浓密得如浸入在一片绿色之中。因此虽是千年古松，在时人的眼中，仍旧觉得它还是如青春年少般的娇小可爱。以上叙盆中古松，下面转述山野中的古松。“布影”三句，言山野上与盆松同龄的古松，如今必定是黛色参天，冠盖蔽空。如果人们经过树下，就会仿佛进入黑沉沉、冷清清的秋天凌晨一般。“驷苍虬”三句，言山野古松枝干粗大如苍虬之张牙舞爪似的欲腾飞万里。高大的主枝直插云霄能与天风相抗衡。枝梢上还能够引来鸾凤停留其上而曼声吟鸣。两相对照之下，盆松占“小”、巧两字；野松则得其型态之雄伟，春花秋月各有所长。
下片应题中“赋张斗墅家古松”。“般巧”三句。此言盆松生得小巧可爱，还能够免除掉遭受利斧砍伐之罪。词人说：见到了盆中的松树，我不由想到了汉代的赤松子。恐怕他是最早与松树作伴的仙人了。“皱鳞”三句。言盆松虽长得小巧，但是细上看去，枝上鳞片苍老如细雨密布其上；松针层叠，使月光难以穿透。这一句又与上片“浓光绿浸”遥相呼应。“朱弦古调”句，化用唐刘长卿《听弹琴》“泠泠七弦上，静听松风寒。古调虽自爱，今人多不弹”诗意。此言盆松可爱而诱人，宜骚人墨客为其弹奏《风入松》这首古琴曲。“问讯”三句，侧写盆中的假山景色。言盆中设有假山：有桥有岭，又有泥俑站在岭上倚天而啸。“待凌霄”三句，显出松树本色。此言当凌霄花谢的时候，已是到了秋尽冬至之时。但到那个时候，古松会愈发显得精神奕奕，真是“岁寒见松柏之长青”啊！此虽是在讲松树，而暗中却隐隐以松树之志自比，以此傲视世人。
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汪遵《
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杨柳》
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吴均《
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赠王桂阳》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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：
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