房兵曹胡马诗
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唐代]：杜甫
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胡马大宛名，锋棱瘦骨成。
竹批双耳峻，风入四蹄轻。
所向无空阔，真堪托死生。
骁腾有如此，万里可横行。
房兵曹胡马诗译文及注释
译文
房兵曹的这一匹马是产自大宛国的名马，它那精瘦的筋骨像刀锋一样突出分明。
它的两耳如斜削的竹片一样尖锐，跑起来四蹄生风，好像蹄不践地一样。
这马奔驰起来，从不以道路的空阔辽远为难，骑着它完全可以放心大胆地驰骋沙场，甚至可托生死。
拥有如此奔腾快捷、堪托死生的良马，真可以横行万里之外，为国立功了。
注释
兵曹：兵曹参军的省称，是唐代州府中掌官军防、驿传等事的小官。房兵曹，不详为何人。胡：此指西域。
大宛（yuān）：汉代西域国名，其地在今乌兹别克斯坦境内，盛产良马。大宛名：著名的大宛马。
锋棱：锋利的棱角。形容马的神骏健悍之状。
竹批：形容马耳尖如竹尖。峻：尖锐。“双耳峻”是良马的特征之一。
堪：可以，能够。托死生：马值得信赖，对人的生命有保障。
骁（xiāo）腾：健步奔驰。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010 ：150-151 ．
2、萧涤非 ．杜甫诗选注 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1998 ：4-5 ．
房兵曹胡马诗创作背景
此诗作于唐玄宗开元二十八年（740年）或二十九年（741年），当时杜甫在洛阳，正值诗人漫游齐赵，飞鹰走狗，裘马轻狂的青年时期。
参考资料：
1、海兵．杜甫诗全集详注：新疆人民出版社，2000年12月：3
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：150-151
3、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：4-5
房兵曹胡马诗鉴赏
这是一首咏物言志诗。杜甫本来善于骑马，也很爱马，写过不少咏马诗。此诗的风格超迈遒劲，凛凛有生气，反映了青年杜甫锐于进取的精神。
诗分前后两部分。前面四句正面写马，是实写。诗人恰似一位丹青妙手，用传神之笔为我们描画了一匹神清骨峻的“胡马”。它来自大宛（汉代西域的国名，素以产“汗血马”著称），自然非凡马可比。接着，对马作了形象的刻画。南齐谢赫的《古画品录》提出“六法”，第一为“气韵生动”，第二即是“骨法用笔”，这是作为气韵生动的首要条件提出来的。所谓“骨法”，就是要写出对象的风度、气格。杜甫写马的骨相：嶙峋耸峙，状如锋棱，勾勒出神峻的轮廓。接着写马耳如刀削斧劈一般锐利劲挺，这也是良马的一个特征。至此，骏马的昂藏不凡已跃然纸上了，我们似见其咴咴喷气、跃跃欲试的情状，下面顺势写其四蹄腾空、凌厉奔驰的雄姿就十分自然。“批”和“入”两个动词极其传神。前者写双耳直竖，有一种挺拔的力度；后者不写四蹄生风，而写风入四蹄，别具神韵。从骑者的感受说，当其风驰电掣之时，好像马是不动的，两旁的景物飞速后闪，风也向蹄间呼啸而入。诗人刻画细致，唯妙逼真。颔联两句以“二二一”的节奏，突出每句的最后一字：“峻”写马的气概，“轻”写它的疾驰，都显示出诗人的匠心。这一部分写马的风骨，用的是大笔勾勒的方法，不必要的细节一概略去，只写其骨相、双耳和奔驰之态，因为这三者最能体现马的特色。正如张彦远评画所云：“笔才一二，象已应焉，离披点画，时见缺落，此虽笔不周而意周也。”《历代名画记》这就是所谓“写意传神”。
诗的前四句写马的外形动态，后四句转写马的品格，用虚写手法，由咏物转入了抒情。颈联承上奔马而来，写它纵横驰骋，历块过都，有着无穷广阔的活动天地；它能逾越一切险阻的能力就足以使人信赖。这里看似写马，实是写人，这其实就是一个忠实的朋友、勇敢的将士、侠义的豪杰的形象。尾联先用“骁腾有如此”总挽上文，对马作概括，最后宕开一句：“万里可横行”，包含着无尽的期望和抱负，将意境开拓得非常深远。这一联收得拢，也放得开，它既是写马驰骋万里，也是期望房兵曹为国立功，更是诗人自己志向的写照。盛唐时代国力的强盛，疆土的开拓，激发了民众的豪情，书生寒士都渴望建功立业，封侯万里。这种蓬勃向上的精神用骏马来表现确是最合适不过了。这和后期杜甫通过对病马的悲悯来表现忧国之情，真不可同日而语。
南朝宋人宗炳的《画山水序》认为通过写形传神而达于“畅神”的道理。如果一个艺术形象不能“畅神”，即传达作者的情志，那么再酷肖也是无生命的。杜甫此诗将状物和抒情结合得自然无间。在写马中也写人，写人又离不开写马，这样一方面赋予马以活的灵魂，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人的精神进一步将马写活；另一方面写人有马的品格，人的情志也有了形象的表现。前人讲“咏物诗最难工，太切题则粘皮带骨，不切题则捕风捉影，须在不即不离之间”钱泳《履园谈诗》，这个要求杜甫是做到了。
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王勃《
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咏风》
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奥敦周卿《
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蟾宫曲·咏西湖》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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胡奎
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大鹏抟九霄，不如海鸥逸。白首归故里，心神犹恍忽。
我足不良行，我言竟谁述。多君富文藻，词源倒溟渤。