野菊
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唐代]：李商隐
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苦竹园南椒坞边，微香冉冉泪涓涓。
已悲节物同寒雁，忍委芳心与暮蝉。
细路独来当此夕，清尊相伴省他年。
紫云新苑移花处，不取霜栽近御筵。
野菊译文及注释
译文
从一片苦竹园漫步向南，来到起伏的椒坞边。野菊的微香四处飘散，花上的秋露似泪珠点点。
令人同情的野菊寂寞无伴，如同寒风中飞行的孤雁。满腹惜花的心情有口难言，怎忍心托付傍晚的暮蝉?
夕阳中有一条弯曲的小路，我独自走来徘徊无数。一只酒杯与我亲密相伴，乘着酒兴将往事浮想联翩。
紫云东来，随风飘荡，御苑移花，充满吉祥。但是野菊却受人轻待，无人选栽排斥在御筵之外。
注释
苦竹：指野菊托根在辛苦之地。竹为苦竹，而椒味辛辣，皆以喻愁恨。
椒：灌木名。坞：四周高中间低的地方。
泪涓涓：形容花上的露珠、水滴。
节物：具有季节性的景物。
芳心：惜花之心。与：同。
清尊：指当年顾遇。省：察记。
省他年：回忆往事。
紫云：指中书省。开元元年曾改中书省为紫薇省，令日紫薇令。此指令狐绚移官内职，任中书舍人。
不取：对令狐绚不加提携表示怨望。霜栽：指傲霜的秋菊。
御筵：宫中筵席。
参考资料：
1、宋金鼎．李商隐诗今译：海燕出版社，2012.08：135-136
2、刘学锴 李翰撰．李商隐诗选评：上海古籍出版社，2003年12月第1版：第110页
野菊鉴赏
开篇点出野菊生长环境的压抑，“苦竹”与“椒坞”，虽有“微香”但已难禁孤独之泪。“已悲节物同寒雁”把生于寒秋看成是菊花的悲惨命运。抒情主人公形象自颈联介入，“细路独来”点明其与野菊同命相怜之苦，最后一句“不取霜栽近御筵”尽显怨愤压抑的情绪。全诗触景感怀，咏物托意，很能反映诗人当时的思想状况。
诗一开头：“苦竹园南椒坞边”，点出野菊所处的环境：它的北面是苦竹园，而且还有椒坞在旁。竹的味道那么苦，椒的味道又那么辣，苦、辣之味包裹着菊花。托根在这样的辛苦之地。它的处境多么艰辛啊！所以，诗便很自然地引出第二句：“微香冉冉泪涓涓。”由于环境恶劣。本来花气袭人的野菊只能散发出细细的微香，所以它难免要清泪涓涓。不断洒落了。同时，野菊的辛苦遭逢还不仅仅是境遇不好．它又生不逢时：它生于萧飒衰败的寒秋，蓓蕾一开，便受风刀霜剑的摧残，实在太不幸了。
不过，菊花毕竟是花中的强者，它是决不会甘于寂寞的，因此诗又生出下边两句：在诗人看来，菊，作为百花之一，它也应该得到温暖，也应该有其“春风得意”之时，可是它却处于寒秋，“蕊寒香冷”（黄巢《菊花》），备受风霜困扰，如同寒雁羁栖，这已经是够可悲可叹的了，可它又怎么能够敛香隐迹，甘心与暮秋的寒蝉一样寂寞下去呢？
以上四句，明里句句写的是野菊，但实际上句句都是在写自己：野菊托根于辛苦之地，花发于西风落叶之时，倍受苦寒，这是诗人命运的生动写照。李商隐生于晚唐末世，可谓生不逢时。入仕以后．又一直处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，后又被牵连进去，遭受排挤和打击，郁郁不得志。但是又不甘潦倒长终，内心充满痛苦和烦闷。“已悲节物”、“忍委芳心”两句诗就有屈原“老冉冉其将至，恐修名之不立”（《离骚》）之意，感叹时不我予，想有所作为，但现实情况不允许，实在无可奈何。
五、六两句笔法一变，由隐到显，追忆自己受令狐楚恩遇的往事。“细路独来当此夕，清樽相伴省他年。”小路独来，回思往事，早年在重阳节自己曾伴令狐公同饮。想令狐公在日。对自己积极奖掖。大力提拔，“每水槛花朝，菊亭雪夜，篇什率徽于继和。杯觞曲赐萁尽欢。委屈款言，绸缪顾遏”（《上令狐相公状》）。那时自己多么惬意啊！令狐楚的这些恩顾，诗人是念念不忘的。大中二年重阳节就专门写过《九日》一诗，表达自己的怀念之情：“曾共山翁把酒卮，霜天白菊绕阶墀。十年泉下无消息，九日樽前有所思。”
七、八两句是对诗人此时想起令狐楚一个交待：“…‘紫云”一作紫微，指中书省。唐开元元年改中书省为紫微省。后虽在开元五年复旧称，但人们此后常以“紫微”代中书省。“紫云新苑移花处”指令狐绚官中书舍人。令狐绚是令狐楚之子，又是李商隐的故交，《新唐书·令狐楚传》记载令狐楚帅河南之时，十分欣赏李商隐之文，并“使诸子游”。照理，他总该对李商隐有所汲引了吧？可是李商隐娶李党王茂元之女为妻之后，令狐绚认为他“背恩”，根本不予理睬。诗人一再陈情，也得不到谅解，所以在诗的最后说他“不取霜栽近御筵”，即不向朝廷荐举他。正是由于令狐绚的冷遇和排挤，所以诗人才一再提起令狐楚，表现自己的不满和埋怨。在大中二年的《九日》一诗中，诗人在回顾令狐楚的恩顾之后。就指责令狐绚“不学汉臣栽苜蓿，空教楚客咏江篱。”因此，此诗在抒写自己沉沦困境的同时，便流露出对令狐如此冷漠的怨望。
这首诗突出特点是构思精密，立意高迈。诗人自己似乎很清楚。有意识地避实就虚，采用象征的手法，不作平直语。字面上除五、六两句外，句句写菊，又句句寄托自己的身世之感，别开生面，不落窠臼。尤其三、四两句“已悲节物同寒雁，忍委芳心与暮蝉”。含意精警，令人回味感叹。
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皮日休《
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咏蟹》
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郑谷《
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菊》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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岁渐黄昏发渐疏，心田荒却忍轻锄。无凭竖亥量山海，且仗陈玄写陋书。
鱼种方塘花种院，烛明长案月明居。杯中斟是闲情味，笑说陶公或不如。
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和萧参议游岳麓八绝 其五
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宋代：
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王炎
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清风峡里水清泠，不但琮琤可静听。秋桂秋兰在深谷，更堪鼻观挹幽馨。
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困酒入诃林留宿自公房
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明代：
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陈子升
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祇园甘露滴，使我宿酲消。独自留方丈，诸天不寂寥。
行踪泥芳草，吟兴写芭蕉。已作逃禅客，无烦折简招。