菊
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唐代]：郑谷
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露湿秋香满池岸，由来不羡瓦松高。
菊译文及注释
译文
公子贵族莫把菊苗看成普通野生草，
重阳佳节，插菊在鬓发，朵朵争俏。
露水阳光让菊花更丰润，香满池岸绿满池岸，
因此它从来不用羡慕寄生的瓦松是不是很高。
注释
菊：此处暗指品德高尚的人。
王孙：公子哥。
比：看作。
蓬蒿：野生草。
九日：重阳节。
秋香：菊花。
由来：因此从来。
瓦松：一种寄生在高大建筑物瓦檐处的植物，但“高不及尺，下才如寸”，没有什么用处。
菊鉴赏
题为菊，但通篇不用一个菊字，但句句写菊。
“王孙莫把比蓬蒿”，蓬蒿是一种野生草，个头较高，从外形看，与菊苗太大的差别，养尊处优的公子王孙们，是很容易把菊苗当作蓬蒿的。作者直抒胸臆，直截了当地训斥王孙公子“菊草不分”。其实这是鄙视他们不识人才。下一句就更能看出作者的用意了。
“九日枝枝近鬓毛”，每年阴历九月九日，是中国古代重要的重阳节，这一天，我们的先人登高、赏菊、饮酒，佩茱萸囊，把菊花插戴于鬓上。这第二句是说，菊苗到了重阳节，就会开出美丽的花朵，这与蓬蒿有了本质的区别。你看，一枝又一枝的菊花插在大家的鬓发间。请问：有乱插蓬蒿的吗？哈哈没有。这第二句，作者作为菊花是多么自豪啊，人们终于认识到它的价值。
三、四两句是全诗的着重处，集中地写了菊的高洁气质和高尚品格。
“露湿秋香满池岸”，寥寥七字，写秋天早晨景象：太阳初升，丛丛秀菊，饱含露水，湿润晶莹，明艳可爱；缕缕幽香，飘满池岸，令人心旷神怡，菊花独具的神韵风采，跃然纸上。在这里，“湿”字很有讲究，让人想见那片片花瓣缀满露珠，分外滋润，分外明丽。“满”字形象贴切，表现出那清香是如何沁人心脾，不绝如缕。从中我们不仅看到了菊花特有的形象，也感受到了菊花和那特定的环境、特定的氛围交织融合所产生的魅力。
诗人在描写了菊的气质以后，很自然地归结到咏菊的主旨：“由来不羡瓦松高”。瓦松，是一种寄生在高大建筑物瓦檐处的植物。初唐崇文馆学士崔融曾作《瓦松赋》，其自序云：“崇文馆瓦松者，产于屋溜之上……俗以其形似松，生必依瓦，故曰瓦松。”瓦松虽能开花吐叶，但“高不及尺，下才如寸”，没有什么用处，所以“桐君（医师）莫赏，梓匠（木工）难甄”。作者以池岸边的菊花与高屋上的瓦松作对比，意在说明菊花虽生长在沼泽低洼之地，却高洁、清幽，毫不吝惜地把它的芳香献给人们；而瓦松虽踞高位，实际上“在人无用，在物无成”。在这里，菊花被人格化了，作者赋予它以不求高位、不慕荣利的思想品质。“由来”与“不羡”相应，更加重了语气，突出了菊花的高尚气节。这结尾一句使诗的主题在此得到了抉示，诗意得到了升华。
咏物诗不能没有物，但亦不能为写物而写物。纯粹写物，即使逼真，也不过是“袭貌遗神”，毫无生气。此诗句句切合一菊字，又句句都寄寓着作者的思想感情。菊，简直就是诗人自己的象征。
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春草》
郑谷简介
唐代·郑谷的简介
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郑谷（约851～910）唐朝末期著名诗人。字守愚，汉族，江西宜春市袁州区人。僖宗时进士，官都官郎中，人称郑都官。又以《鹧鸪诗》得名，人称郑鹧鸪。其诗多写景咏物之作，表现士大夫的闲情逸致。风格清新通俗，但流于浅率。曾与许裳、张乔等唱和往还，号“芳林十哲”。原有集，已散佚，存《云台编》。
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