归雁
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唐代]：钱起
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潇湘何事等闲回，水碧沙明两岸苔。
二十五弦弹夜月，不胜清怨却飞来。
归雁译文及注释
译文
大雁啊，潇湘下游，水碧沙明，风景秀丽，食物丰美，你为什么随便离开这么好的地方，回到北方来呢？大雁回答：潇湘一带风景秀丽，食物丰美，本来是可以常住下去的。可是，湘灵在月夜鼓瑟，从那二十五弦上弹出的音调，实在太凄清、太哀怨了！我的感情，简直承受不住，只好飞回北方。
注释
潇湘：二水名，在今湖南境内。等闲：轻易、随便。
水碧沙明：《太平御览》卷六五引《湘中记》：“湘水至清，……白沙如雪。”苔，鸟类的食物，雁尤喜食。
二十五弦：指瑟。《楚辞·远游》：“使湘灵鼓瑟兮。”
胜（音shēng）：承受。
归雁鉴赏
钱起是吴兴（今属浙江）人，入任后，一直在长安和京畿作官。他看到秋雁南飞，曾作《送征雁》诗：“秋空万里静，嘹唳独南征……怅望遥天外，乡情满目生。”这首《归雁》，同样写于北方，所咏却是从南方归来的春雁。
诗咏“归雁”，雁是候鸟，深秋飞到南方过冬，春暖又飞回北方。古人认为，秋雁南飞，不越过湖南衡山的回雁峰，它们飞到峰北就栖息在湘江下游，过了冬天再飞回北方。作者依照这样的认识，从归雁想到了它们归来前的栖息地──湘江，又从湘江想到了湘江女神善于鼓瑟的神话，再根据瑟曲有《归雁操》进而把鼓瑟同大雁的归来相联系，这样就形成了诗中的奇思妙想。
根据这样的艺术构思，作者一反历代诗人把春雁北归视为理所当然的惯例，而故意对大雁的归来表示不解，一下笔就连用两个句子劈空设问：“潇湘何事等闲回？水碧沙明两岸苔”，询问归雁为什么舍得离开那环境优美、水草丰盛的湘江而回来。这突兀的询问，一下子就把读者的思路引上了诗人所安排的轨道──不理会大雁的习性，而另外探寻大雁归来的原因。
作者在第三、四句代雁作了回答：“二十五弦弹夜月，不胜清怨却飞来。”湘江女神在月夜下鼓瑟（二十五弦），那瑟声凄凉哀怨，大雁不忍再听下去，才飞回北方的。
诗人就是这样借助丰富的想象和优美的神话，为读者展现了湘神鼓瑟的凄清境界，着意塑造了多情善感而又通晓音乐的大雁形象。然而，诗人笔下的湘神鼓瑟为什么那样凄凉？大雁又是为什么那样“不胜清怨”呢？为了弄清诗人所表达的思想感情，可以看看他考进士的成名之作《湘灵鼓瑟》。在那首诗中，作者用“苍梧来怨慕”的诗句指出，湘水江神鼓瑟之所以哀怨，是由于她在乐声中寄托了对死于苍梧的丈夫──舜的思念。同时，诗中还有“楚客不堪听”的诗句，表现了贬迁于湘江的“楚客”对瑟声哀怨之情的不堪忍受。
拿《湘灵鼓瑟》同《归雁》相对照，使读者领会到：《归雁》中的“不胜清怨却飞来”一句，原来是从“楚客不堪听”敷演而来，作者是按照贬迁异地的“楚客”来塑造客居湘江的旅雁的形象的。故而，他使旅雁听到湘灵的充满思亲之悲的瑟声，便乡愁郁怀，羁思难耐，而毅然离开优美富足的湘江，向北方飞回。“虽信美而非吾土兮，曾何足以少留”，建安文学家王粲《登楼赋》中的这两句揭示羁客情怀的名言，正可借来说明《归雁》诗中旅雁听瑟飞回时的“心情”，而诗人正是借写充满客愁的旅雁，婉转地表露了宦游他乡的羁旅之思。这首诗构思新颖，想象丰富，笔法空灵，抒情婉转，意趣含蕴。它以独特的艺术特色，而成为引人注目的咏雁名篇之一。
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沈约《
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咏湖中雁》
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崔铉《
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咏架上鹰》
钱起简介
唐代·钱起的简介
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钱起（722？—780年），字仲文，汉族，吴兴（今浙江湖州市）人，唐代诗人。早年数次赴试落第，唐天宝十年（751年）进士，大书法家怀素和尚之叔。初为秘书省校书郎、蓝田县尉，后任司勋员外郎、考功郎中、翰林学士等。曾任考功郎中，故世称“钱考功”。代宗大历中为翰林学士。他是大历十才子之一，也是其中杰出者，被誉为“大历十才子之冠”。又与郎士元齐名，称“钱郎”，当时称为“前有沈宋，后有钱郎。”
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