次北固山下
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唐代]：王湾
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客路青山外，行舟绿水前。(青山外一作：青山下)
次北固山下创作背景
该首题为《次北固山下》的五律，最早见于唐朝芮挺章编选的《国秀集》。这是诗人在一年冬末春初时，由楚入吴，在沿江东行途中泊舟于江苏镇江北固山下时有感而作的。
参考资料：
1、蘅塘退士 等 ．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首 ．北京 ：华文出版社 ，2009年11月版 ：第104页 ．
2、萧涤非 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983年12月版 ：第365-366页 ．
次北固山下鉴赏
《次北固山下》选自《全唐诗》。次，这里是停泊的意思。北固山，现在的江苏镇江北。王湾，洛阳（先河南洛阳）人。
《次北固山下》一诗中，无意说理，却在描写景物、节令之中，蕴含着一种自然理趣的诗句是：海日生残夜，江春入旧年。
写作特色
寓情于景，景中含理。
这是一首五律诗，颈联被明代胡应麟赞为“形容景物，妙绝千古”。时序匆匆交替，这怎不让身在“客路”的诗人顿生思乡之情？诗中“生”“入”用了拟人手法。是人物一说理。却在描写景物中蕴含理趣。海日生于残夜驱尽黑暗，江上景物呈现“春意”闯入旧年，赶走严冬，蕴含了时序变迁，新旧交替的自然规律，表现出具有普遍意义的生活哲理，给人乐观积极向上的力量。
主题归纳
诗中诗人借景抒情，细致地描绘了长江下游开阔秀丽的早春景色，表达了诗人对祖国山河的热爱，流露出诗人乡愁乡思的真挚情怀，也表达了诗人思念故乡和思念亲人的思想感情。这是一首羁旅行役诗（类型）。
详细赏析
诗以对偶句发端，既工丽，又跳脱。“客路”，指作者要去的路。“青山”点题中“北固山”。作者乘舟，正朝着展现在眼前的“绿水”前进，驶向“青山”，驶向“青山”之外遥远的“客路”。这一联先写“客路”而后写“行舟”，其人在江南、神驰故里的飘泊羁旅之小景是难得出现的。如果在三峡行船，即使风顺而风和，却依然波翻浪涌，这样风平浪静的小景也是难得出现的。诗句妙在通过“风正一帆悬”这一小景，把平野开阔、大江直流、波平浪静等等的大景也表现出来了。
读到第三联，就知道作者是于岁暮腊残，连夜行舟的。潮平而无浪，风顺而不猛，近看可见江水碧绿，远望可见两岸空阔。这显然是一个晴明的、处处透露着春天气息的夜晚，孤舟扬帆，缓行江上，不觉已到残夜。这第三联，就是表现江上行舟，即将天亮时的情景。
这一联历来脍炙人口，说：“‘海日生残夜，江春入旧年’，诗人已来少有此句。张燕公（张说）手题政事堂，每示能文，令为楷式。”（《河岳英灵集》）明代胡应麟在《诗薮·内编》里说，“海日”一联“形容景物，妙绝千古”。当残夜还未消退之时，一轮红日已从海上升起；当旧年尚未逝去，江上已呈露春意。“日生残夜”、“春入旧年”，都表示时序的交替，而且是那样匆匆不可待，这怎不叫身在“客路”的诗人顿生思乡之情呢？这两句炼字炼句也极见功夫。作者从炼意着眼，把“日”与“春”作为新生的美好事物的象征，提到主语的位置而加以强调，并且用“生”字“入”字使之拟人化，赋予它们以人的意志和情思。妙在作者无意说理，却在描写景物、节令之中，蕴含着一种自然的理趣。海日生于残夜，将驱尽黑暗；江春，那江上景物所表现的“春意”，闯入旧年，将赶走严冬。不仅写景逼真，叙事确切，而且表现出具有普遍意义的生活真理，给人以乐观、积极、向上的艺术鼓舞力量。此句与“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春”有异曲同工之妙。
海日东升，春意萌动，诗人放舟于绿水之上，继续向青山之外的客路驶去。这时候，一群北归的大雁正掠过晴空。雁儿正要经过洛阳的啊！诗人想起了“雁足传书”的故事，还是托雁捎个信吧：雁儿啊，烦劳你们飞过洛阳的时候，替我问候一下家里人。这两句紧承三联而来，遥应首联，全篇笼罩着一层淡淡的乡思愁绪。
诗人乘舟来到北固山下，展现在眼前的是山青水碧的壮丽景色。残夜将尽，旭日从水中孕育而出；时令虽在旧年，春意已经闯入江南。“海日生残夜，江春入旧年”一联，描写时序交替中的景物，暗示着时光的流逝，蕴含自然理趣。
该诗写冬末春初、作者舟泊北固山下时看到的两岸春景。先写青山重叠，小路蜿蜒，碧波荡漾，小船轻疾。“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬”描摹长江下游潮涨江阔，波涛滚滚，诗人扬帆东下的壮观，气概豪迈。“海日生残夜，江春入旧年”为历来传诵的名句，描绘了昼夜和冬春交替过程中的景象和心中的喜悦，由此而引动末句的乡思，以归雁传书表达了作者对家乡的思念，春景和乡思和谐交融。
总之，这首诗抒写诗人泛舟东行，停船北固山下，见潮平岸阔，残夜归雁而引发的怀乡情思，熔写景、抒情、说理于一炉。全诗和谐优美，妙趣横生。堪称千古名篇。这首题为《次北固山下》的五律，最早见于唐人芮挺章编选的《国秀集》。唐人殷璠选入《河岳英灵集》时题为《江南意》，但有不少异文：“南国多新意，东行伺早天。潮平两岸失，风正数帆悬。海日生残夜，江春入旧年。从来观气象，惟向此中偏。”本文系据长期传诵的《次北固山下》。
王湾是洛阳人，一生中，“尝往来吴楚间”。“北固山”，在今江苏镇江市以北，三面临江。上引《江南意》中首二句为“南国多新意，东行伺早天。”其“东行”，当是经镇江到江南一带去。诗人一路行来，当舟次北固山下的时候，潮平岸阔，残夜归雁，触发了心中的情思，吟成了这一千古名篇。诗以对偶句发端，既工丽，又跳脱。“客路”，指作者要去的路。“青山”点题中“北固山”。作者乘舟，正朝着展现在眼前的“绿水”前进，驶向“青山”，驶向“青山”之外遥远的“客路”。这一联先写“客路”而后写“行舟”，其人在江南、神驰故里的飘泊羁旅之情，已流露于字里行间，与末联的“乡书”、“归雁”，遥相照应。
这首五律虽然以第三联驰誉当时，传诵后世，但并不是只有两个佳句而已；从整体看，也是相当和谐优美的。
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上一首：
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李白《
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月下独酌四首·其一》
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杜牧《
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泊秦淮》
王湾简介
唐代·王湾的简介
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王湾作为开元初年的北方诗人，往来于吴楚间，被江南清丽山水所倾倒，并受到当时吴中诗人清秀诗风的影响，写下了一些歌咏江南山水的作品，《次北固山下》就是其中最为著名的一篇。尤其其中“海日生残夜，江春入旧年”两句，得到当时的宰相张说的极度赞赏，并亲自书写悬挂于宰相政事堂上，让文人学士作为学习的典范。由此，这两句诗中表现的那种壮阔高朗的境象便对盛唐诗坛产生了重要的影响。直到唐末诗人郑谷还说“何如海日生残夜，一句能令万古传”，表达出极度钦羡之情。
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吴激
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柳引青烟，花倾红雨，老来怕见清明。欲行还住，天气弄阴晴。是处吹箫巷陌，衫襟渍、春酒如饧。溪桥畔，涓涓流水，鸡犬静柴荆。高城。天共远，山遮望断，草唤愁生。等五湖烟景，今有谁争。凄断湘灵鼓瑟，写不尽、楚客多情。空惆怅，春闺梦短，斜月晓闻莺。
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忍野八海咏怀
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：
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熊盛元
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海底鱼游乐未央，此身何啻在濠梁？遥闻尺八箫声起，牵得乡愁尔许长。
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寻胡处士不遇
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唐代：
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韩翃
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到来心自足，不见亦相亲。说法思居士，忘机忆丈人。
微风吹药案，晴日照茶巾。幽兴殊未尽，东城飞暮尘。
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题徐高士祠诗 其二
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：
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韩雍
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青云梦里谢夔皋，懒受玄纁制锦袍。贫贱不荒三径业，轻肥应薄五陵豪。
江湖寂寞流风远，光岳晶荧间气高。过客纷纷吊遗迹，谁轻名利等鸿毛。
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金陵八咏和湛宗伯 其四 雨花台
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明代：
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顾璘
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古台开士说金经，传道天花落紫冥。广舌不来尘海变，春风唯见草青青。