北青萝
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唐代]：李商隐
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残阳西入崦，茅屋访孤僧。落叶人何在，寒云路几层。
独敲初夜磬，闲倚一枝藤。世界微尘里，吾宁爱与憎。
北青萝译文及注释
译文
夕阳落入崦嵫山，我去茅屋里探访孤独的僧人。满地落叶，僧人何在？遍山寒云，山路要走多久？
初夜时分只听他独自敲磐，闲适中靠着一枝青藤。大千世界都在微尘里，我为什么要有喜爱和憎恨？
注释
青萝：一种攀生在石崖上的植物，此处代指山。南朝江淹《江上之山赋》：“挂青萝兮万仞，竖丹石兮百重。”
崦（yān）：即“崦嵫（zī）”， 山名，在甘肃。古时常用来指太阳落山的地方。《山海经》载：鸟鼠同穴山西南有山名崦嵫，日所入处。
初夜：黄昏。
磬（qìng）：古代打击乐器，形状像曲尺，用玉、石制成，可悬挂。佛寺中使用的一种钵状物，用铜铁铸成，既可作念经时的打击乐器，亦可敲响集合寺众。
“世界”句：语本《法华经》：“书写三千大千世界事，全在微生中。”意思是大千世界俱是微生，我还谈什么爱和恨呢？《楞严经》说：“人在世间，直微尘耳。何必拘于憎爱而苦此心也！”宁：为什么。
参考资料：
1、韩成武．唐诗三百首赏析：河北人民出版社，1995年04月第1版：327-329
2、方笑一评注．唐诗三百首品读：上海社会科学院出版社，2008.04：207
北青萝鉴赏
诗人在激烈的牛、李党争中被搞得心疲力尽，漂泊的生活，孤独的处境，使他感到生活在红尘中的不幸，迫切需要接触一下清净的佛家天地。
首联写诗人寻访僧人之事。时当红日西沉山谷，诗人进入山中，去拜访一位住在茅屋中的僧人。“茅屋”，写出僧人居处的简朴，“孤僧”，写出僧人的不厌孤独。而诗人此时正逢生活清苦、亲朋离散的艰难岁月，他寻访这样一位清苦而孤居的僧人，显然是要从对方身上获得启示，以解除自身的苦恼。清苦人寻清苦地，孤独客访孤独僧，俗与佛已有了精神交流的契机。
颔联写诗人寻访所经之路程、所见之景物。“落叶人何在，寒云路几层。”时当深秋，满山的林木飘下纷纷的黄叶，诗人要找的那位孤僧，却不知住在哪里。“人何在”，使人联想到诗人于山林间四处张望的神态，显现出山间林木的密集和僧人的幽藏，愈发表现出这位孤僧远避红尘的意趣，这正是诗人探访的目的。对句更将僧人的幽藏作进一步的渲染：诗人沿着寒云缭绕的山路，盘曲而上，已不知把那盘山之路走了几重。山路入云，已见其高，何况入的是“寒云”。“寒云路几层”不仅写出僧人的高居尘上，也写出诗人不畏辛劳和艰险、—心追寻禅理的热切之举。此联二句写景而兼记行踪，景中暗含着僧人和诗人的影子，言筒意丰，蕴藏极富，堪称方家妙笔。
经过千回万转，诗人终于找到了茅屋，见到了孤僧，颈联以精炼的笔墨描绘了僧人的简静生活：“独敲初夜磐，闲倚一枝藤。”“初夜”二字与首句“残阳”相关照，写出到达茅屋的时间。夜幕降临，僧人在茅屋中独自敲磐诵经。“独”字与次句的“孤”字相呼应，因为是“孤僧”，所以独自敲磐。虽只身独处，而未怠佛事，可见其对佛的虔诚。诗人此时站在茅屋外边，耳听清脆的磐声，眼望寂静的星辰，深感佛界的静谧与安详，此中再无红尘之困扰。待到僧人佛事已毕，诗人走进茅屋，与之交谈，对交谈的情状仅用“闲倚一枝藤”五个字概括，却内蕴丰富。“藤”是藤条做的手杖，极为简朴，僧人所“倚”，仅此而已，生活之清苦可以想见；难得的是僧人那份“闲”态，居清贫而安闲自如，从容不迫。
尾联写诗人获得了思想的启迪。“世界微尘里，吾宁爱与憎。”佛教认为大千世界全在微尘之中，人也不过就是微尘而已。诗人领悟了这个道理，表示今后不再纠缠爱憎，众心净虑，以淡泊之怀面对仕途荣辱。
综观此诗，语言凝炼，富于蕴藏，层次清晰。诗人先写出访，次写途中，再写遇僧，最后以思想收获作结。诗人先将笔墨集中在探访之上，描写僧人居住状态的孤独。用“独敲”一联勾勒，“独”字和“一”字均照应了第二句中的“孤”字。用“闲”字写出佛家对红尘物欲的否定，突显出诗人希望从佛教思想中得到解脱，将爱憎抛却，求得内心的宁静。最后写诗人访僧忽悟禅理之意，更衬出孤僧高洁的心灵。此诗所表达的就是一种不畏辛劳艰险、—心追寻禅理、淡泊之怀面对仕途荣辱的愿望，既赞美了僧人清幽简静的生活，又表现出诗人对惮理的领悟，淡泊之怀面对现实、从容之心面对仕途荣辱。
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贾岛《
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寻隐者不遇》
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张九龄《
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感遇十二首·其二》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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陆游
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白发凄凉故史官，十年身不到长安。
即今天末吊形影，何日上前倾肺肝。
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极高明亭诗为曾以敬作 其六
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元代：
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吴当
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如俯层台，洞视靡遗。如持悬鉴，罔有蔽亏。