凉思
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唐代]：李商隐
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客去波平槛，蝉休露满枝。永怀当此节，倚立自移时。
北斗兼春远，南陵寓使迟。天涯占梦数，疑误有新知。
凉思译文及注释
译文
当初你离去时春潮漫平栏杆；如今秋蝉不鸣露水挂满树枝。
我永远怀念当时那美好时节；今日重倚槛前不觉时光流逝。
你北方的住处像春天般遥远；我在南陵嫌送信人来得太迟。
远隔天涯我屡次占卜着美梦；疑心你有新交而把老友忘记。
注释
凄凉的思绪。唐李贺《昌谷诗》：“鸿珑数铃响，羁臣发凉思。”
槛（jiàn）：栏杆。
蝉休：蝉声停止，指夜深。
永怀：即长想，长久思念。《诗经·周南·卷耳》：“我姑酌彼金罍，维以不永怀。”此节：此刻。
倚立：意谓今日重立槛前，时节已由春而秋。移时：历时、经时。即时间流过，经历一段时间。《后汉书·吴祐传》：“祐越坛共小史雍丘、黄真欢语移时，与结友而别。”
北斗：即北斗星，因为它屹立天极，众星围绕转动，古人常用来比喻君主，这里指皇帝驻居的京城长安。兼春：即兼年，两年。
南陵：今安徽南陵县，唐时属宣州。此指作者怀客之地。寓使：指传书的使者。寓：寄，托。
占梦：占卜梦境，卜度梦的吉凶。《诗经·小雅·正月》：“召彼故老，讯之占梦。”郑玄笺：“召之不问政事，但问占梦，不尚道德而信徵祥之甚。”数：屡次。
新知：新结交的知己。语本《楚辞·九歌·少司命》：“悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮新相知。”
凉思创作背景
此诗写作背景难以考定，诗中所叙情事不甚了了。李商隐一生不得志，在朝只做过短短两任小官，其余时间都漂泊异乡，寄人幕下。这首诗大约写在又一次飘零途中，缅怀长安而不得归，寻找新的出路又没有结果，素抱难展，托身无地，只有归结于悲愁抑郁的情思。
参考资料：
1、陈伯海 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1225-1226
凉思鉴赏
首联写愁思产生的环境。访客已经离去，池水涨平了栏槛，知了停止噪鸣，清露挂满树枝，好一幅水亭秋夜的清凉图景！但是，诗句的胜处不光在于写景真切，它还细致地传达出诗人心理感受的微妙变化。如“客去”与“波平槛”，本来是互不相关的两件事，为什么要连在一起叙述呢？细细推敲，大有道理。大凡人在热闹之中，是不会去注意夜晚池塘涨水这类细节的。只有当客人告退、孤身独坐时，才会突然发现：哟，怎么不知不觉间面前的水波已涨得这么高了！同样，鸣蝉与滴露也是生活里的常事，也只有在陡然清静下来心绪无聊时，才会觉察到现象的变化。所以，这联写景实际上反映了诗人由闹至静后的特殊心境，为引起愁思作了铺垫。
第二联开始，诗人的笔触由“凉”转入“思”。永怀，即长想。此节，此刻。移时，历时、经时。诗人的身影久久倚立在水亭栏柱之间，他凝神长想，思潮起伏。读者虽还不知道他想的什么，但已经感染到那种愁思绵绵的悲凉情味。
诗篇后半进入所思的内容。北斗星，因为它屹立天极，众星围绕转动，古人常用来比喻君主，这里指皇帝驻居的京城长安。兼春，即兼年，两年。南陵，今安徽繁昌县，唐时属宣州。寓，托。两句意思是：离开长安已有两个年头，滞留远方未归；而托去南陵传信的使者，又迟迟不带回期待的消息。处在这样进退两难的境地，无怪乎诗人要产生被弃置天涯、零丁无告的感觉，屡屡借梦境占卜吉凶，甚至猜疑所联系的对方有了新结识的朋友而不念旧交了。由于写作背景难以考定，诗中所叙情事不很了了。但我们知道李商隐一生不得志，在朝只做过短短两任小官，其余时间都漂泊异乡，寄人幕下。这首诗大约写在又一次飘零途中，缅怀长安而不得归，寻找新的出路又没有结果，素抱难展，托身无地，只有归结于悲愁抑郁的情思。“凉思”一题，语意双关：既指“思”由“凉”生，也意味着思绪悲凉。按照这样的理解，“凉”和“思”又是通篇融贯为一体的。
此诗抒情采用直写胸臆的方式，不象作者一般诗作那样婉曲见意，但倾吐胸怀仍有宛转含蓄之处，并非一泻无余。语言风格疏郎清淡，不假雕饰，也有别于李商隐一贯的精工典丽的作风，正适合于表现那种凄冷萧瑟的情怀。大作家善于随物赋形，不受一种固定风格的拘限，于此可见一斑。
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司空曙《
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云阳馆与韩绅宿别》
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元稹《
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遣悲怀三首·其二》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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郑岳
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君去洞庭何处住，海门迢递接东瓯。湖田岁熟收粳稻，烟渚秋高弄钓舟。
漫说孔明无将略，早知若水是仙流。浮生万事何时尽，都把閒情付白鸥。