渡汉江
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唐代]：宋之问
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渡汉江译文及注释
译文
流放岭南与亲人断绝了音信，熬过了冬天又经历一个新春。
越走近故乡心里就越是胆怯，不敢打听从家那边过来的人。
注释
汉江：汉水。长江最大支流，源出陕西，经湖北流入长江。
岭外：五岭以南的广东省广大地区，通常称岭南。唐代常作罪臣的流放地。书：信。
来人：渡汉江时遇到的从家乡来的人。
渡汉江创作背景
此诗一说作于宋之问神龙二年（706年）途经汉水时。武氏去世后，唐中宗将其贬为泷州参军。神龙元年（705年）十月宋之问过岭，次年春即冒险逃回洛阳，途经汉江时写下了此诗。另一说，此诗是李频由贬所泷州逃归洛阳，途经汉江（指襄阳附近的汉水）时所作。
参考资料：
1、颜邦逸 赵雪沛．大学生人文素质教育教材·文学作品赏析．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，2004：110-112
2、（清）蘅塘退士选编．唐诗三百首精译赏析．北京市：高等教育出版社，2011：290
渡汉江鉴赏
《渡汉江》诗意在写思乡情切，真实地刻画了诗人久别还乡，即将到家时的激动而又复杂的心情。语极浅近，意颇深邃；描摹心理，熨贴入微；不矫揉造作，自然至美。
前两句追叙贬居岭南的情况。贬斥蛮荒，本就够悲苦的了，何况又和家人音讯隔绝，彼此未卜存亡，更何况又是在这种情况下经冬历春，捱过漫长的时间。诗人没有平列空间的悬隔、音书的断绝、时间的久远这三层意思，而是依次层递，逐步加以展示，这就强化和加深了贬居遐荒期间孤孑、苦闷的感情，和对家乡、亲人的思念。“断”字“复”字，似不着力，却很见作意。此诗人困居贬所时那种与世隔绝的处境，失去任何精神慰藉的生活情景，以及度日如年、难以忍受的精神痛苦，都历历可见，鲜明可触。这两句平平叙起，从容承接，没有什么惊人之笔，往往容易为读者轻易放过。其实，它在全篇中的地位、作用很重要。有了这个背景，下两句出色的抒情才字字有根。
第三、四两句描写诗人逃归途中的心理变化。“近乡”交代诗人因长期不知家人消息而逃离贬地，走近家乡。所谓“情更怯”，即愈接近故乡，离家人愈近，担忧也愈厉害，简直变成了一种害怕，怕到“不敢问来人”。按照常情，这两句似乎应该写成“近乡情更切，急欲问来人”，诗人笔下所写的却完全出乎常情：“近乡情更怯，不敢问来人。”仔细寻味，又觉得只有这样，才合乎前两句所揭示的“规定情景”。因为诗人贬居岭外，又长期没有家人的任何音讯，一方面固然日夜在思念家人，另一方面又时刻担心家人的命运，怕家人由于诗人的牵累而遭到不幸。“音书断”“复历春”这种思念随着担心同时的到来，形成急切盼回家，又怕到家里的矛盾心理状态。这种矛盾心理，在逃归的路上，特别是渡过汉江，接近家乡之后，有了进一步的戏剧性发展：原先的担心、忧虑和模糊的不祥预感，此刻似乎马上就会被路上所遇到的某个熟人所证实，变成活生生的残酷现实；而长期来梦寐以求的与家人团聚的愿望则立即会被无情的现实所粉碎。因此，“情更切”变成了“情更怯”，“急欲问”变成了“不敢问”。这是在“岭外音书断”这种特殊情况下心理矛盾发展的必然。“情更怯”与“不敢问”更能体现诗人此际强自抑制的急切愿望和由此造成的精神痛苦。愈接近重逢，诗人便会愈发忧虑，发展到极端，这种忧虑就会变成一种恐惧、战栗，使之不敢面对现实。
诗人正是这样逼真地再现了特殊境遇下，对家人的入骨关爱，吟咏出入类心灵的良善韵律，从而引起了千古的共鸣。只是这种境遇的造成，诗人不能辞其咎。在这一点上，后来杜甫的“反畏消息来，寸心亦何有”（《述怀》）写战乱中担忧家人，至于不敢面对吉凶未卜的“消息”。则更有时代感，更耐人寻味。
此诗不仅有巧妙的抒情艺术，而且有更深刻的体会。作者用逐层递进的追述，交代了背景之后，立即直抒胸臆，不加保留地倾诉出矛盾心理和痛苦心情。但是，读者却必需经过一番认真的咀嚼，才能感受到这种特殊的心理状态，达到与作者的心灵沟通。这种高度简洁的抒情手法，使作品用最省略的语言，获取了极为深远的艺术效果。
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杜甫《
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寄韩谏议注》
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温庭筠《
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利州南渡》
宋之问简介
唐代·宋之问的简介
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宋之问，字延清，一名少连，汉族，汾州（今山西汾阳市）人。一说虢州弘农（今河南灵宝县）人。初唐时期的著名诗人。
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