赠别二首
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
唐代]：杜牧
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初。
春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如。
多情却似总无情，唯觉樽前笑不成。
蜡烛有心还惜别，替人垂泪到天明。
赠别二首译文及注释
译文
姿态美好举止轻盈正是十三年华，活象二月初含苞待放一朵豆蔻花。
看遍扬州城十里长街的青春佳丽，卷起珠帘卖俏粉黛没有比得上她。
聚首如胶似漆作别却象无情；只觉得酒筵上要笑笑不出声。
案头蜡烛有心它还依依惜别；你看它替我们流泪流到天明。
注释
娉娉袅袅：形容女子体态轻盈美好。十三余：言其年龄。
豆蔻：据《本草》载，豆蔻花生于叶间，南人取其未大开者，谓之含胎花，常以比喻处女。
“春风二句”：说繁华的扬州城中，十里长街上有多少歌楼舞榭，珠帘翠幕中有多少佳人姝丽，但都不如这位少女美丽动人。
“多情”一句：意谓多情者满腔情绪，一时无法表达，只能无言相对，倒象彼此无情。
樽：古代盛酒的器具。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学出版社．唐诗鉴赏大典（十一）：吉林大学出版社，2009：34-36
赠别二首创作背景
这两首诗是诗人杜牧在大和九年（835年），由淮南节度使掌书记升任监察御史，离扬州奔赴长安，与在扬州结识的歌妓分别之作。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学出版社．唐诗鉴赏大典（十一）：吉林大学出版社，2009：34-36
赠别二首鉴赏
第一首诗是诗人赠别一位相好的歌妓的，从同题另一首（“多情却似总无情”）看，彼此感情相当深挚。不过那一首诗重在“惜别”，这一首却重在赞颂对方的美丽，引起惜别之意。第一句就形容了一番：“娉娉袅袅”是身姿轻盈美好的样子，“十三余”则是女子的芳龄。七个字中既无一个人称，也不沾一个名词，却能给读者完整、鲜明生动的印象，使人如目睹那美丽的倩影。其效果不下于“翩若惊鸿，宛若游龙；荣耀秋菊，华茂春松”（曹植《洛神赋》）那样具体的描写。全诗正面描述女子美丽的只这一句。就这一句还避实就虚，其造句真算得空灵入妙。第二句不再写女子，转而写春花，是将花比女子。“豆蔻”产于南方，其花成穗时，嫩叶卷之而生，穗头深红，叶渐展开，花渐放出，颜色稍淡。南方人摘其含苞待放者，美其名曰“含胎花”，常用来比喻处女。而“二月初”的豆蔻花正是这种“含胎花”，用来比喻“十三余”的小歌女，是形象优美而又贴切的。而花在枝“梢头”，随风颤袅者，当尤为可爱。所以“豆蔻梢头”又暗自照应了“娉娉袅袅”四字。这里的比喻不仅语新，而且十分精妙，又似信手拈来，写出人似花美，花因人艳，说它新颖独到是不过分的。一切“如花似玉”、“倾国倾城”之类比喻形容，在这样的诗句面前都会黯然失色。而杜牧写到这里，似乎还是一个开始，他的才情尚未发挥尽致。
当时诗人正要离开扬州，“赠别”的对象就是他在幕僚失意生活中结识的一位扬州的歌妓。所以第三句写到“扬州路”。唐代的扬州经济文化繁荣，时有“扬一益（成都）二”之称。“春风”句意兴酣畅，渲染出大都会富丽豪华气派，使人如睹十里长街，车水马龙，花枝招展。这里歌台舞榭密集，美女如云。“珠帘”是歌楼房栊设置，“卷上珠帘”则看得见“高楼红袖”。而扬州路上不知有多少珠帘，所有帘下不知有多少红衣翠袖的美人，但“卷上珠帘总不如”。不如谁，谁不如，诗中都未明说，含吐不露。这里“卷上珠帘”四字用得很不平常，它不但使“总不如”的结论更形象，更有说服力；而且将扬州珠光宝气的繁华气象一并传出。诗用压低扬州所有美人来突出一人之美，有众星拱月的效果。《升庵诗话》云：“书生作文，务强此而弱彼，谓之‘尊题’。”杜牧此处的修辞就是“尊题格”。但由于前两句美妙的比喻，这里“强此弱彼”的写法显得自然入妙。
杜牧此诗，从意中人写到花，从花写到春城闹市，从闹市写到美人，最后又烘托出意中人。二十八字挥洒自如，游刃有余，真俊爽轻利之至。别GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人不用一个“你（君、卿）”字；赞美人不用一个“女”字；甚至没有一个“花”字、“美”字，“不著一字”而能“尽得风流”。语言空灵清妙，贵有个性。
齐、梁之际的江淹曾经把离别的感情概括为“黯然销魂”四字。但这种感情的表现，却因人因事的不同而千差万别，这种感情本身，也不是“悲”、“愁”二字所能了得。杜牧此诗不用“悲”、“愁”等字，却写得坦率、真挚，道出了离别时的真情实感。
诗人同所爱不忍分别，又不得不分别，感情是千头万绪的。“多情却似总无情”，明明多情，偏从“无情”着笔，著一“总”字，又加强了语气，带有浓厚的感情色彩。诗人爱得太深、太多情，以至使他觉得，无论用怎样的方法，都不足以表现出内心的多情。别筵上，凄然相对，象是彼此无情似的。越是多情，越显得无情，这种GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人离别时最真切的感受，诗人把它写出来了。“唯觉樽前笑不成”，要写离别的悲苦，他又从“笑”字入手。一个“唯”字表明，诗人是多么想面对GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人，举樽道别，强颜欢笑，使所爱欢欣。但因为感伤离别，却挤不出一丝笑容来。想笑是由于“多情”，“笑不成”是由于太多情，不忍离别而事与愿违。这种看似矛盾的情态描写，把诗人内心的真实感受，说得委婉尽致，极有情味。
题为“赠别”，当然是要表现人的惜别之情。然而诗人又撇开自己，去写告别宴上那燃烧的蜡烛，借物抒情。诗人带着极度感伤的心情去看周围的世界，于是眼中的一切也就都带上了感伤色彩。这就是刘勰所说的：“属采附声，亦与心而徘徊”（《文心雕龙·物色》）。“蜡烛”本是有烛芯的，所以说“蜡烛有心”；而在诗人的眼里烛芯却变成了“惜别”之心，把蜡烛拟人化了。在诗人的眼里，它那彻夜流溢的烛泪，就是在为男女主人的离别而伤心了。“替人垂泪到天明”，“替人”二字，使意思更深一层。“到天明”又点出了告别宴饮时间之长，这也是诗人不忍分离的一种表现。
诗人用精炼流畅、清爽俊逸的语言，表达了悱恻缠绵的情思，风流蕴藉，意境深远，余韵不尽。就诗而论，表现的感情还是很深沉、很真挚的。杜牧为人刚直有节，敢论列大事，却也不拘小节，好歌舞，风情颇张，此诗亦可见此意。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
孟浩然《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
留别王侍御维》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
韦应物《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
初发扬子寄元大校书》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
赴金陵舟过霅川偶作 其一
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
李光
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
孤村远浦接微茫，处处经行看插秧。却忆年时住家处，藕花无数绕林塘。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
御园初夏 其四
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
弘历
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
老翁犁把耕新润，弱妇筐钩伐远扬。常在豳风图画里，那能辛苦忘农桑。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
献姚石甫先生即以赠别 其二
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
龙启瑞
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
未了看山愿，城西住少时。梦犹京阙恋，归为友朋迟。
黄叶声中酒，苍葭阁上诗。东瀛一回首，挥涕万人知。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
以台柑寄漫塘报以诗用韵谢之
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
王遂
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
屈平作颂独称渠，曾此西山立丑懦。
君子得舆知有待，高林硕果未尝无。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
唐郎中宅与诸公同饮酒看牡丹
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
唐代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
刘禹锡
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
今日花前饮，甘心醉数杯。但愁花有语，不为老人开。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
君子有所思行
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
魏晋：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
陆机
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
命驾登北山。延伫望城郭。
廛里一何盛。街巷纷漠漠。