燕歌行
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唐代]：高适
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开元二十六年，客有从御史大夫张公出塞而还者；作《燕歌行》以示适，感征戍之事，因而和焉。
汉家烟尘在东北，汉将辞家破残贼。
男儿本自重横行，天子非常赐颜色。
摐金伐鼓下榆关，旌旆逶迤碣石间。
校尉羽书飞瀚海，单于猎火照狼山。
大漠穷秋塞草腓，孤城落日斗兵稀。
身当恩遇常轻敌，力尽关山未解围。(常轻敌一作：恒轻敌)
铁衣远戍辛勤久，玉箸应啼别离后。
少妇城南欲断肠，征人蓟北空回首。
边庭飘飖那可度，绝域苍茫更何有。(飘飖一作：飘飘)
杀气三时作阵云，寒声一夜传刁斗。
相看白刃血纷纷，死节从来岂顾勋。
君不见沙场征战苦，至今犹忆李将军。
燕歌行创作背景
高适对开元二十四年以后的两次战败，感慨很深，因写此篇。
参考资料：
1、普通高中课程标准实验教科书《语文选修·唐诗宋词选读》.江苏教育出版社.2007年第3版
燕歌行鉴赏
《燕歌行》是高适的代表作。虽用乐府旧题，却是因时事而作的，这是乐府诗的发展，如果再进一步，就到了杜甫《丽人行》、《兵车行》、“三吏”、“三别”等即事命篇的新乐府了。《燕歌行》是一个乐府题目，属于《相和歌》中的《平调曲》，这个曲调以前没有过记载，因此据说就是曹丕开创的。曹丕的《燕歌行》有两首，是写妇女秋思，由他首创，所以后人多学他如此用燕歌行曲调做闺怨诗。高适的《燕歌行》是写边塞将士生活，用燕歌行曲调写此题材他是第一个。此诗主要是揭露主将骄逸轻敌，不恤士卒，致使战事失利。历来注家未对序文史事详加考核，都以为是讽张守珪而作。其实，这是不符史实的。此诗所刺对象应是受张守珪派遣、前往征讨奚、契丹的平卢讨击使、左骁卫将军安禄山。
诗大体可分四段：首段八句写出师。其中前四句说战尘起于东北，将军奉命征讨，天子特赐光彩，已见得宠而骄，为后文轻敌伏笔。后四句接写出征阵容。旌旗如云，鼓角齐鸣，一路上浩浩荡荡，大模大样开赴战地，为失利时狼狈情景作反衬。“校尉”两句写抵达前线。羽书飞驰，见军情紧急；猎火照夜，说敌阵森严。第二段八句写战斗经过。其中前四句写战初敌人来势凶猛，我军伤亡惨重，后四句说至晚已兵少力竭，不得解围。“山川萧条极边土”，说明战场地形是无险可凭的开阔地带，这正有利于胡骑驰突，故接写敌军如暴风骤雨之袭来。“战士”两句用对比方法写出了主将骄惰轻敌，不恤士卒，一面是拚死苦战，一面仍恣意逸乐。这是诗中最有揭露性的描写。大漠衰草、落日孤城的萧飒景象，为“斗兵稀”作衬托，同时写战斗一直持续到傍晚。“身当恩遇常轻敌”，正面点出损兵被围的原因，是诗的主旨。第三段八句写GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人，思妇两地相望，重会无期。诗虽古体，多用偶句，此段因内容需要，而犹着意作对仗。又此诗平仄转韵，一般四句一转，独此段八句全用仄韵，与表现双方摇摇不安的心绪相适应。杀气成云，刁斗传寒，都是极力渲染悲凉气氛。末段四句，两句写战士在生还无望的处境下，已决心以身殉国。“岂顾勋”三字，仍是对将帅的讽刺。两句诗人感慨，对战士的悲惨命运深寄同情，诗以“至今犹忆李将军”作结，再次点明主题。盛唐时，殷璠评高适曰：“其诗多胸臆语，兼有气骨。”此诗确实可以作为代表。
《燕歌行》不仅是高适的“第一大篇”（近人赵熙评语），而且是整个唐代边塞诗中的杰作，千古传诵，良非偶然。
开元十五年（公元727），高适曾北上蓟门。二十年，信安王李禕征讨奚、契丹，他又北去幽燕，希望到信安王幕府效力，未能如愿：“岂无安边书，诸将已承恩。惆怅孙吴事，归来独闭门”（《蓟中作》）。可见他对东北边塞军事，下过一番研究工夫。开元二十一年后，幽州节度使张守珪经略边事，初有战功。但二十四年，张让平卢讨击使安禄山讨奚、契丹，“禄山恃勇轻进，为虏所败”（《资治通鉴》卷二百十五）。二十六年，幽州将赵堪、白真陀罗矫张守珪之命，逼迫平卢军使乌知义出兵攻奚、契丹，先胜后败。“守珪隐其状，而妄奏克获之功”（《旧唐书。张守珪传》）。高适对开元二十四年以后的两次战败，感慨很深，因写此篇。
诗意在慨叹征战之苦，谴责将领骄傲轻敌，荒淫失职，造成战争失利，使战士受到极大痛苦和牺牲，反映了士兵与将领之间苦乐不同，庄严与荒淫迥异的现实。诗虽叙写边战，但重点不在民族矛盾，而是讽刺和愤恨不恤战士的将领。同时，也写出了为国御敌之辛勤。主题仍是雄健激越，慷慨悲壮。
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲·其二》
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王之涣《
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凉州词二首·其一》
高适简介
唐代·高适的简介
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高适是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称“高常侍”。 作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。
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黄洪
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龙舟大半没西湖，此是先皇节俭图。三十六年安静里，棹歌一曲在康衢。