月夜
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唐代]：杜甫
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月夜译文及注释
译文
今夜鄜州月亮，一定同样清圆，遥想闺中妻子，只能独自观赏。
可怜幼小的儿女，怎懂思念的心酸？
蒙蒙雾气，或许沾湿了妻子的鬓发；冷冷月光，该是映寒了妻子的玉臂。
何时才能团圆相见，倚靠薄帷共赏明月。那时一定月色依旧，就让月光默默照干我们的泪痕。
注释
鄜（fū）州：今陕西省富县。当时杜甫的家属在鄜州的羌村，杜甫在长安。
闺中：内室。看，读平声kān。
怜：想。
未解：尚不懂得。
香雾云鬟（huán）湿，清辉玉臂寒：写想象中妻独自久立，望月怀人的形象。香雾：雾本来没有香气，因为香气从涂有膏沐的云鬟中散发出来，所以说“香雾”。望月已久，雾深露重，故云鬟沾湿，玉臂生寒。云鬟：古代妇女的环形发饰。
清辉：阮籍诗《咏怀》其十四：“明月耀清晖。”
虚幌：透明的窗帷。幌，帷幔。
双照：与上面的"独看"对应，表示对未来团聚的期望。泪痕：隋宫诗《叹疆场》“泪痕犹尚在。”
参考资料：
1、李渗．杜甫诗集选．武汉：长江出版社，2009：412-413
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：262
月夜创作背景
天宝十五载（756年）春，安禄山由洛阳攻潼关。六月，长安陷落，玄宗逃蜀，叛军入白水，杜甫携家逃往鄜州羌村。七月，肃宗在灵武（今宁夏灵武县）即位，杜甫获悉即从鄜州只身奔向灵武，不料途中被安史叛军所俘，押回长安。八月，作者被禁长安望月思家而作此诗。
参考资料：
1、李渗．杜甫诗集选．武汉：长江出版社，2009：412-413
2、戴燕．历代诗词曲选注．杭州：浙江文艺出版社，2006：121-122
月夜鉴赏
这首诗借看月而抒离情，但抒发的不是一般情况下的夫妇离别之情。字里行间，表现出时代的特征，离乱之痛和内心之忧熔于一炉，对月惆怅，忧叹愁思，而希望则寄托于不知“何时”的未来。
“遥怜小儿女，未解忆长安。”颔联是说，可怜幼小的儿女，怎懂思念的心酸。
妻子看月，并不是欣赏自然风光，而是“忆长安”，而小儿女未谙世事，还不懂得“忆长安”啊！用小儿女的“不解忆”反衬妻子的“忆”，突出了首联那个“独”字，又进一层。
在前四句中，“怜”字和“忆”字，都不宜轻易滑过。而这，又应该和“今夜”、“独看”联系起来，加以品味。明月当空，月月都能看到。特指今夜的“独看”，则心目中自然有往日的“同看”和未来的“同看”。未来的“同看”，留待结句点明。往日的“同看”，则暗含于一、二联之中。分明透露出他和妻子有过同看鄜州月而共忆长安的往事。安史之乱以前，作者困处长安达十年之久，其中有一段时间，是与妻子在长安度过的。和妻子一同忍饥受寒，也一同观赏长安的明月，这自然就留下了深刻的记忆。当长安沦陷，一家人逃难到了羌村的时候，与妻子同看鄜州之月共忆长安的往事，已经不胜其辛酸！如今自己深陷乱军之中，妻子独看鄜州之月而忆长安，那“忆”就不仅充满辛酸，而且交织着忧虑和惊恐，这个“忆”字，是含意深广，耐人寻思的。往日与妻子同看鄜州之月而忆长安，虽然百感交集，但尚有妻子为自己分忧；如今呢，妻子独看鄜州之月而忆长安，“遥怜”小儿女们天真幼稚，只能增加他的负担，哪能为她分忧啊！这个“怜”字，也是饱含深情，感人肺腑的。
“香雾云鬟湿，清辉玉臂寒。”颈联是说，蒙蒙雾气，也许沾湿了妻子的鬓发；冷冷月光，该是映寒了妻子的玉臂。
第三联通过妻子独自看月的形象描写，进一步表现“忆长安”。雾湿云鬟，月寒玉臂。望月愈久而忆念愈深，这完全是作者想象中的情景。当想到妻子忧心忡忡，夜深不寐的时候，自己也不免伤心落泪。两地看月而各有泪痕，这就激起了作者结束这种痛苦生活的希望；于是以表现希望的诗句作结：“何时倚虚幌，双照泪痕干？”“双照”而泪痕始干，则“独看”而泪痕不干，也就意在言外了。
题为“月夜”，字字都从月色中照出，而以“独看”、“双照”为一诗之眼。“独看”是现实，却从对面着想，只写妻子“独看”鄜州之月而“忆长安”，而自己的“独看”长安之月而忆鄜州，已包含其中。“双照”兼包回忆与希望：感伤“今夜”的“独看”，回忆往日的同看，而把并倚“虚幌”（薄帷）、对月抒愁的希望寄托于不知“何时”的未来。采用这种从对方设想的方式，妙在从对方那里生发出自己的感情，这种方法尤被后人当作法度。全词词旨婉切，章法紧密，明白如话，感情真挚，没有被律诗束缚的痕迹。
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感遇十二首·其四》
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王维《
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终南山》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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宋代：
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杨冠卿
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落英拾秋鞠，委佩纫芳兰。
以其清且芬，可服仍可餐。
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忆王孙 其二 游西施山
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清代：
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毛奇龄
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西施歌馆旧城东。画栋朱栏映碧空。花絮阴阴趁晚风。
翠重重。石上胭脂堕雨红。