雨中花（岭南作）
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宋代]：朱敦儒
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故国当年得意，射麋上苑，走马长楸。对葱葱佳气，赤县神州。好景何曾虚过，胜友是处相留。向伊川雪夜，洛浦花朝，占断狂游。
胡尘卷地，南走炎荒，曳裾强学应刘。空漫说、螭蟠龙卧，谁取封侯。塞雁年年北去，蛮江日日西流。此生老矣，除非春梦，重到东周。
雨中花（岭南作）鉴赏
上片起首一句追述了承平岁月中的胜景清游。“故国”指洛阳。“上苑”即上林苑，东汉时置，洛阳城西。“长揪”，指官道旁所植之揪树。曹植《名都篇》所咏之“斗鸡东郊道，走马长揪间”，为此处所本。词人用射猎西苑，走马东郊，来概括往日与狂朋怪侣俊游的盛况，既是用典，又是纪实，笔力遒劲，具足声容。接下来，以一个去声的“对”字领“葱葱”两句，展示出一幅生机活泼、热气腾腾的广阔背景。
这是故意设计的顿挫之笔，不肯教“射麋”、“走马”的俊迈之气一下发露太过。后又用“好景”两句挺接发端之意，然而却只点到为止，不作过多的渲染。经过一番蓄势，然后以一个“向”字领出了“伊川雪夜，洛浦花朝，占断狂游”三句妙语来。这一气呵出的三句，真把这位骏马貂裘的青年公子的狂游盛况写到了极致。
词之下片，词意陡转，大起大落，与前片形成鲜明的反差。过片三句，写金兵南下之时，词人被迫避难南荒，不得不过着寄人篱下的生活。“曳裾”，提着衣襟，形容谦卑之态。曳裾侯门，指寄食权贵的宾客。应刘，即汉末依附曹氏的应玚、应璩兄弟与刘桢。流离道路已极不堪，寄食豪门，仰人鼻息，痛苦又更甚一层。一个“强”字包含了其间种种酸辛，是一个倔强者无可奈何的喟叹。沦亡的痛苦，把当年的意气公子从风月留连的醉梦中惊醒。他和同时代的许多爱国诗人一样，也要为民族的振兴呐喊搏斗。然而那个君孱臣佞的小朝廷里，他的满腔热情，根本不被置理。“空漫说、螭蟠龙卧，谁取封侯”就是这种内心痛苦的披露，意谓：莫说有卧龙的才具，也无法建树封侯的功业。这是报国有心，请缨无路的英雄的悲叹，语气沉重，充满失望的痛苦。
接下来“塞雁”、“蛮江”二句，可以抒写了郁结于胸的故国之苦思。塞雁比人更幸福，它可以不受人间兵戈的阻隔，年年春天结阵北去：“蛮江”也是自由的，它可以日夜不止地依旧自西向东流入大海。唯有自己这个天涯的羁客，却不能重返故园了。这几句融情入景无情景物，并惹哀愁，写得真切感人。歇拍三句，更进一层，把悲哀推到了极点。先说此身已老，北归无望，接着运笔虚际，翻腾出一个心魂入梦重返家山的结局，然而以梦境的欢愉来衬托实境的悲惋，益觉加倍的悲哀了。洛阳，为东周的王城，此以之指代故乡，并与篇首相绾合，结构谨严，语极沉痛，几入化境。
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苏轼《
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殢人娇·或云赠朝云》
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杜甫《
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彭衙行》
朱敦儒简介
唐代·朱敦儒的简介
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朱敦儒 （1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）
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