残春旅舍
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唐代]:韩偓
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旅舍残春宿雨晴,恍然心地忆咸京。
树头蜂抱花须落,池面鱼吹柳絮行。
禅伏诗魔归净域,酒冲愁阵出奇兵。
两梁免被尘埃污,拂拭朝簪待眼明。
残春旅舍译文及注释
译文
旅舍中春残夜雨刚刚晴,恍然间心里忆起长安城。
树枝中蜂拥蝶舞花将落,水面上风起柳絮飘飘行。
借写诗杆情因悟禅语止,用酒冲愁阵如同出奇兵。
保存好官帽不要遭污损,擦拭净朝簪等待唐复兴。
注释
残春:指的是春天将去,春花凋残,故称残春。
宿雨晴:指一夜宿雨,清晨放晴。
恍然:忽然。咸京:指唐都城长安。
柳絮行:指柳絮随风飘飞。
诗魔:佛家禅理认为作诗是文字“魔障”。归净域:指归到那洁净的地方。净域,亦称“净土”,佛语,指无浊无垢之地。
酒冲:用酒来冲击。愁阵:愁苦如重重敌阵。出奇兵:借酒浇愁,如同出奇兵破阵一样。
两梁:冠名。《唐诗鼓吹》的注释中说汉代“秩千石,冠两梁”。尘埃污:指沾上尘埃,暗指投敌变节。拂拭:掸灰擦尘。
朝簪:指戴朝帽时所用的头簪。待眼明:等待大唐复兴。
参考资料:
1、吉林大学中文系 .唐诗鉴赏大典(十二) :吉林大学出版社 ,2009 :212-213 .
2、尚作恩 等 .晚唐诗译释 :黑龙江人民出版社 ,1987 :243-245 .
残春旅舍鉴赏
这首诗是诗人客居闽地时而作,当时唐朝已亡,旨在行发对唐王朝的怀念之情。开笔处写出了一个春残红飞,夜雨刚晴的景象,再加上诗人他乡为客,提于旅馆之中,于是使诗人忆起阔别久远的帝京——长安。一提起长安,自然使诗人想起被昭宗信任,作翰林学士时的得意情形,又自然的想到为朱全忠排挤,使他落魄异乡。这难言的种种味道,一时涌上心头。“忆咸京”三字,成为全篇枢纽,领起以下三联。
颔联承接“忆咸京”三字,首先抒写对皇都美好春光的回忆:“树头蜂抱花须落,池面鱼吹柳絮行。”仰望绿暗红稀的树梢,蜜蜂抱着花须随花飞落;俯观柳絮飘坠的池水,鱼儿吞吐着像是吹着柳絮游玩。飞花、落絮本是残春景物,而蜜蜂鱼儿却平添了无穷兴趣与几分生机,故没有半点伤春伤别的落寞,更不见晚唐衰飒的诗风。因为诗人是带着曾经沐浴皇恩的深情在回忆这皇都的风物。正由于此,在诗人笔下,即使是摇落的秋天,这长安的晨昏与草木也总带着几分温暖与芳菲。
五、六句“禅伏诗魔归净地,酒冲愁阵出奇兵”,具体写诗人客居馆舍中的寂寞。诗人心中有无限的悲苦,说不尽的怨恨,客中无聊,只好用诗来抒写自己的心境,用诗来表达悲愤的情怀。然而,几番的思考终未写成。诗人只好以“禅伏诗魔归净域”来为自己解嘲,这恰恰表现了诗人那种“剪不断,理还乱”的心绪,有这样的心绪必不能写出诗来。诗未写成,悲忧郁愤越积越深,真如同一重重愁阵一样,横亘胸中。只好用酒来冲荡这重重愁阵。然而,“借酒浇愁愁更愁”,酒,只能使人得到一时的陶醉,醒来之后,将是更大的悲伤。这更大的悲伤便使诗人产生了信心和希望:“两梁免被尘埃污,拂拭朝餐待眼明”。诗人这时清醒地认识到:诗也好,酒也好,都不能解心中的烦闷。于是他幸起往日在朝时的官帽,悟出了一条真理,他要好好的保存这顶珍贵的朝帽,千万不能让它被尘埃污染。言外之意是决不作异姓之臣,宁肯终生潦倒,也不改变自己的气节。想到这他不愁了,他不悲了,他轻轻地擦拭着朝替,他心中暗暗地表示:一定要耐心的等待,一直等到大唐复兴,戴上朝帽,穿上朝服来参与朝政。闻一多说:作者“深知唐王朝避免不了灭亡的命运,而自己又无所作为,故所作之诗多缅怀往事,情调悲凉。”这首诗没有直抒悲凉之思,但他深深眷顾的往日温馨,实已成为今日悲凉的衬托。
全诗感情起伏动荡,由悲忧到镇定,从中看出诗人的气节。全诗由“旅舍”、“残春”总起,三、四句承“残春”,五、六句承“旅舍”,七、八句收束来照应全篇,结构严谨,脉络清楚。
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韩偓简介
唐代·韩偓的简介
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韩偓(公元842年~公元923年)。中国唐代诗人。乳名冬郎,字致光,号致尧,晚年又号玉山樵人。陕西万年县(今樊川)人。自幼聪明好学,10岁时,曾即席赋诗送其姨夫李商隐,令满座皆惊,李商隐称赞其诗是“雏凤清于老凤声”。龙纪元年(889年),韩偓中进士,初在河中镇节度使幕府任职,后入朝历任左拾遗、左谏议大夫、度支副使、翰林学士。
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