于园
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明代]：张岱
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于园在瓜洲步五里铺，富人于五所园也。非显者刺，则门钥不得出。葆生叔同知瓜洲，携余往，主人处处款之。
园中无他奇，奇在磊石。前堂石坡高二丈，上植果子松数棵，缘坡植牡丹、芍药，人不得上，以实奇。后厅临大池，池中奇峰绝壑，陡上陡下，人走池底，仰视莲花反在天上，以空奇。卧房槛外，一壑旋下如螺蛳缠，以幽阴深邃奇。再后一水阁，长如艇子，跨小河，四围灌木蒙丛，禽鸟啾唧，如深山茂林，坐其中，颓然碧窈。瓜洲诸园亭，俱以假山显，（胎于石，娠于磊石之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人），至于园可无憾矣。
于园译文及注释
译文
于园在瓜洲停船的地方，叫做五里铺，它是富人于五所建筑的园子。不是有地位的人投下名帖，那么就不会用钥匙打开门来迎接客人。葆生叔在瓜洲任同知，带我前往于园，于园的主人处处殷勤招待我们。
于园中没有其他的奇特的地方，奇就奇在用石块堆砌的假山。堂屋前有两丈高的石头假山，上面栽种了几棵果子松，沿坡栽种了牡丹、芍药，人不能到上面去，因为这里没有空隙、满满当当而奇特。后厅临近池塘，池塘里有奇异的山峰和陡峭的山沟，直上直下，人们行走在池塘的底部，抬起头来看莲花，反而像在天上，这里因为空旷而奇特。卧房的栏杆外面，有一条沟壑盘旋而下，好像螺蛳盘旋形的外壳，这里因为阴暗深远而奇特。再往后还有一座水阁，长长的形状像小船，横跨在小河上。水阁的四周，矮小的灌木生长茂盛，鸟儿在这里叽叽喳喳，人好像在深山密林之中。坐在阁子中，这里的境界使人感到舒坦、碧绿、幽深。瓜洲的许多园林亭榭，都是凭借假山而有名声。这些假山在自然山石中怀胎，在堆砌山石的人手中孕育，在主人的精细构思中诞生，这样的假山石安置园林之中就不会使人不满意了。
注释
瓜洲：在今江苏扬州市邗（hán）江区南，临长江。
步：同“埠”，水边停船之处。
葆生：张联芳，字尔葆，山阴人，官扬州司马。葆生叔父，善画好收藏古董。
同知：知府的佐官，分掌督梁、缉捕、江防、水利等，分驻指定地点。文中为担任同知。
园：建筑园子。
所园：所建筑的园林。
显者：指有名声有地位的人。
刺：名帖。这里做动词用，投下名帖。
携：带。
余：我。
款：殷勤招待。
之：人称代词，我们。
奇：罕见的，稀罕的。
磊：堆砌。
磊石：用各种各样的石块堆砌成假山。
植：栽种。
数：几.
缘：顺着，沿着。
以：因为。
实：满满当当，没有空隙。
临：临近，靠近。
绝：极。
壑：山沟。
绝壑：陡峭的山沟。
空：空旷。
槛：栏杆。
幽阴深邃：阴暗深远。
艇子：小船.
蒙丛：覆盖，丛生，草木茂盛的样子。
啾唧：细小而碎杂的声音。
其：代"水阁"。
颓然：柔顺的样子，文中指舒坦。
碧窈：碧绿幽远，幽深的草木丛中。
诸：众，各。
俱：都。
以：凭借。
显：显扬，有名声。
至：到了/放在
矣：语气助词，相当于“了”。
憾：心感不满。
于园鉴赏
此文《于园》已被收录于苏教版语文七年级下课本中，选自《陶庵梦忆》。编委选编此文时把“胎于石，娠于磊石之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人”删除了。
从写作意图看这篇短文重点是介绍于园磊石之奇及其建筑的幽远意境．赞颂了园林假山建造者高超的艺术造诣。无论是写用石块垒成两丈高的石坡，突出它的“以实奇”；还是写“奇峰绝壑”堆砌在后面厅堂旁的大池塘，突出它的“以空奇”；抑或是写形状像螺蛳回旋形贝壳盘旋而下的沟壑，突出它的“以幽阴深邃奇”。作者的目的都是为了把重点放在写于园“奇在磊石”的特点。作者又由于园说到了瓜洲众多的园林亭榭，这些园林亭榭跟于园一样，是凭借巧夺天工的假山而闻名的，而假山是依据自然之山石而创作的。它“胎于石”，有了自然之山石为蓝图还不行，还要“磊石者”一双巧手才能使它成为现实。所以说“娠于磊石之手”。“磊石者”手再巧还不行，还要有主人的精心构思，主人精心构思了，假山就诞生了，就像孩子出生或男或女一样。这种假山或雄伟，或秀丽。这样就不仅写出了假山建筑的全过程，还赞颂了能工巧匠的一双手和园林主人的高超的艺术构思。删除掉“胎于石，娠于磊石之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人”后就无法表达出作者这一写作意图。
从行文连贯看删掉“胎于石，娠于磊石之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人”一句后，因为前一句是“瓜洲诸园亭，俱以假山显”，所以学生一致认为“至于园可无憾矣”应该这样读：“至/于园/可无憾矣”。理解为到于园就没有什么不满意了。其实，课文这一部分从于园介绍到瓜洲诸园亭，进而说明瓜洲诸园亭俱以假山闻名。假山“胎于石，娠于磊石人之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人”，紧随的“至于园可无憾矣”是“至（）于（）”的省略形式。在文中就是“至之于园”。于：作介词，表处所。之：表示指代，具体内容为前面的假山。文句应译为：“把假山安置园林中就不会使人不满意了。而由于编委把“胎于石，娠于磊石之手，男女于琢磨搜剔之主人”删除掉而打乱了上下文的衔接，致使学生发生误解。
从语言特色本文语言是雅语、俗语兼用，十分传神，极有表现力。如“四围灌木蒙丛”中的“蒙丛”一词，就写出灌木丛生覆盖地面的状态。又如“一壑旋下如螺蛳缠”这一通俗的比喻，很形象地写磊石而成的沟壑盘旋而下的形状。而删除掉的一段文字是介绍假山建筑的过程的．使用极其通俗的市井语言，极形象地写出建筑假山的几个步骤，编者把如此通俗形象的语言删除掉又是为了哪一般呢？
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袁枚《
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峡江寺飞泉亭记》
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谭嗣同《
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潼关》
张岱简介
唐代·张岱的简介
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张岱（1597年～1679年）又名维城，字宗子，又字石公，号陶庵、天孙，别号蝶庵居士，晚号六休居士，汉族，山阴(今浙江绍兴)人。寓居杭州。出生仕宦世家，少为富贵公子，精于茶艺鉴赏，爱繁华，好山水，晓音乐，戏曲，明亡后不仕，入山著书以终。张岱为明末清初文学家、史学家，其最擅长散文，著有《琅嬛文集》《陶庵梦忆》《西湖梦寻》《三不朽图赞》《夜航船》等绝代文学名著。
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陇上怕雨竟遇雨，空山路穷避无所。昆阳之战飞屋瓦，白登之围矢交下。
从者散去马可怜，故人借我非我马。上坡历块已攲侧，下坡流滑攒四脚。
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留别台中人士 其五
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清代：
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姚莹
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城狐社鼠屡惊骚，庙算频烦圣主劳。百尺丰碑铭上将，万家新鬼哭寒潮。
书生殄贼皆能武，草泽从公岂待招！几辈白头今日在，天教忠义翊清朝。
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挽姚循州
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宋代：
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刘克庄
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太息龙川守，专城美绩传。
方闻歌叔度，俄有谤文渊。