岐阳三首
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
金朝]：元好问
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
突骑连营鸟不飞，北风浩浩发阴机。
三秦形胜无今古，千里传闻果是非；
偃蹇鲸鲵人海涸，分明蛇犬铁山围。
穷途老阮无奇策，空望岐阳泪满衣。
百二关河草不横，十年戎马暗秦京。
岐阳西望无来信，陇水东流闻哭声；
野蔓有情萦战骨，残阳何意照空城！
从谁细向苍苍问，争遣蚩尤作五兵？
眈眈九虎护秦关，懦楚孱齐机上看。
禹贡土田推陆海，汉家封徼尽天山。
北风猎猎悲笳发，渭水潇潇战骨寒。
三十六峰长剑在，倚天仙掌惜空闲。
岐阳三首译文及注释
译文
凶猛的敌骑营寨相连，天上的禽鸟也难偷飞；呼号的北风席卷大地，迷茫的天空大雪霏霏。
号称形胜的三秦啊，山河的险要古今未改；千里传来的噩讯啊，怎知道究竟是真是非！
庞大的鲸鲵是那么凶暴——似海的人群尽被吞食；毒蛇和恶狗是那么猖獗——分明像铁山把孤城紧围。
就像是走到穷途的阮籍啊，我面对国难苦无良策——徒然怅望着失陷的岐阳，纷飞的悲泪溅满了裳衣！
号称“百二关河”的三秦啊，如今已不见杂草纵横；十年的战火燃烧在这里，烽烟遮暗了旧时的秦京。
西望着岐阳啊，全没有半点同胞的音信；东流的陇水啊，只听到一片惨痛的哭声！
荒野里，缠绵的蔓草情深意厚，在悄悄萦绕着战士的尸骨；蓝天下，惨淡的残阳究竟为啥，却偏偏照射着死寂的空城？
我能够从什么地方啊，向苍天细细地责问——为何让凶残的蚩尤啊，制造这杀人的刀兵？
遥想当年，九虎猛将们目光炯炯，凛然守卫在巍巍秦关——孱懦的齐楚何曾在眼，直看它好似肥肉在砧！
《禹贡》记述的土田啊，要推那“陆海”最是肥沃；汉朝当年的边界啊，蜿蜒着伸过遥远的天山。
慨叹今日，猎猎的北风呼啸不已，悲壮的胡笳随风远传；潇潇的渭水呜咽难抚，河边的战士尸骨正寒。
空自有华山的三十六峰啊，仍然像长剑屹立——只可惜倚天的雄奇仙掌啊，只落得徒自空闲！
注释
其一
公元1231年（正大八年）正月，蒙古军围岐阳（今陕西凤翔），四月城破。
从这三首诗起，以下大部分是丧乱诗。这些诗，感情真挚，言辞凄切，“悲愤从血性中流出”，因而引起了历代诗人强烈的共鸣。清人赵翼在《题元遗山集》里说：“国家不幸诗家幸，赋到沧桑句便工。”就是指的这一类诗。
三秦：项羽灭秦，分关内地为三，封秦降将章邯为雍王、董翳为翟王、司马欣为塞王，号三秦。
偃蹇（yǎn jiǎn）：傲慢，高盛。
鲸鲵（ní）：大鱼。此处比喻蒙古军之暴。
百二关河：秦地险固，二万人足当诸侯百万人（《史记·高祖本纪·苏林注》）。
苍苍：天。
“眈眈”句：公元1218年（金宣宗兴定二年），置秦关等处九个守御史。
“懦楚”句：以虚弱的齐国楚国比喻金王朝的衰败。
禹贡：《尚书》中的一篇，记叙了我国上古的疆域。
陆海：指地势高平、物产丰饶的地区，古代以陕西为“天下陆海之地”（《汉书·东方朔传》）。
徼（jiǎo）：边境，边界。此两句说，关中地势如此雄壮，汉凭它扩大疆土，直至天山，而金竟不能守。
猎猎：风声。
“三十六峰”句：嵩山三十六峰，可以做防堵敌人的屏障。
仙掌：华山有仙掌峰。这两句是说，大好的天然屏障，不予利用，太可惜了。
参考资料：
1、林从龙．元好问和他的诗．郑州市：中州古籍出版社，1984：32-34
2、郑力民译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 元好问诗选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第118-121页
岐阳三首创作背景
《岐阳》写于金代末年。当时金国面临的强敌是蒙古汗国。成吉思汗于公元1219年七月成吉思汗在距离凤翔不远的今甘肃清水县病死。继承汗位的窝阔台于1231年围攻岐阳，四月城破，作者时任南阳县令，闻变写《岐阳》三首。《岐阳》即写于公元1321年二月前后。
参考资料：
1、蒋学浚．历代爱国诗词鉴赏．北京 ：石油工业出版社，2001：182
岐阳三首鉴赏
第一首
“突骑连营鸟不飞，北风浩浩发阴机”。诗作一开始就渲染出一种阴冷、低沉、压抑的氛围：北风劲吹，强敌压境。诗人似乎看到了生灵涂炭，百姓遭殃，也似乎更深一层看出了社稷倾危，江山难保。突骑：突人对方阵地的精锐骑兵。
“三秦形胜无古今，千里传闻果是非”。紧承上两句，诗人的这种担忧还是真的表现出来了。在一声反问中引出了自己内心的沉郁隐痛，悲愤、沉痛、失望的心情溢于言表。
“偃蹇鲸鲵人海涸，分明蛇犬铁山围”。这两句是作者在得知岐阳陷落之后的设想。句中几处地方用了比喻、夸张的手法，表现出入侵者的凶狠、残暴、野蛮，同时也流露出元好问同情老百姓，心忧国难的思想感情。
“穷途老阮无奇策，空望岐阳泪满衣”。这两句直抒胸臆，悲慨沉痛，语短情长，感人肺腑。
第二首
“百二关河草不横，十年戎马暗秦京”。元好问身在南阳，却心系失陷的岐阳，写岐阳失陷，又回顾了十年战乱带来的惨状，可谓思绪悠长。“暗”字巧妙渲染出战地暗无天日的场面。
“岐阳西望无来信，陇水东流闻哭声”。诗句从“望”字生发开去，望中已知音讯断绝，望中如闻陇水呜咽，望中悬想沦陷中的岐阳，从而为下面对岐阳空城的描述作了铺垫。
“野蔓有情萦战骨，残阳何意照空城”。这两句情感极其低沉悲痛。江淹《恨赋》：“试望平原，蔓草萦骨。”元好问在本诗中加入“有情”二字，使自在生长的野蔓草也变得灵动起来，而且还注入了感情的力度，可谓力透纸背。接下来，面对夕阳残照的空城，作者呼天抢地，责问蒙古军屠城罪行。人们读后，不禁一陲魂颤。
“从谁细向苍苍问，争遣蚩尤作五兵”。如果说上一句的质问还比较笼统，这一句的质问就落到实处了。诗人责问上苍，痛恨蚩尤，表现出对黎民百姓的深切同情和对惨无人道战争的极端憎恨。
第三首
“眈眈九虎护秦关，懦楚孱齐机上看”。面对积弱不振的现状，诗人痛苦地反思过去，回顾历史，希望从中找出重振国家的良方妙策。
“禹贡土田推陆海，汉家封徼尽天山”。这两句和前两句都是描述金朝全盛时的景况。诗人有好几处运用典故，意在说明往日的繁盛与强大。
“北风猎猎悲笳发，渭水潇潇战骨寒”。猎猎是风吹的声音，潇潇是水流的声音，诗人连用两个象声词，极其形象生动地写出了岐阳城的荒凉与冷清，与往日的繁盛热闹人声鼎沸的景象形成强烈对比。
“三十六峰长剑在，倚天仙掌惜空闲”。全诗在悲怆的抒写中，陡然引入了对险峻华山的描绘，颇能让人产生几分突兀之感，其实这样写不仅是慨叹由于人为的防备不足，使险要的山川、天然的屏障没有起到应有的作用，而且也隐含着元好问愤愤不平的书生意气。宋玉《大言赋》有“长剑耿耿倚天外”之句，元好问在本诗中以倚天长剑比喻险峻的华山。意在提醒金朝统治者要加强防务，可谓在沉痛中见警策。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
苏轼《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
南乡子·和杨元素时移守密州》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
张籍《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
采莲曲·秋江岸边莲子多》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
四序回文十二首 其一 夏
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
宇文虚中
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
翠密围窗竹，青圆贴水荷。睡多嫌昼永，醒少得风和。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
永州书怀
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
徐照
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
嗜茶疑是病，羸瘦见诗形。
天断征鸿过，汀多香草青。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
捣练子 其八 八梅
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
两汉：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
佚名
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
捣练子，赋梅青。休共檀梨取次争。叶底青青如豆小，已知金鼎待和羹。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
杨公济岁暮惠酒
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
强至
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
绀瓶白酒下吟堂，洗盏倾甆肯漫尝。
寒屋自融春日面，煖杯能转少年肠。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
绝句
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
陈忠平
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
差极人臣位，南柯梦转虚。盖棺论未定，颇费史家书。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
秋日闭关 其四
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
李之世
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
夜长睡不著，起坐索衣添。莫道秋无信，凉飔已入檐。