渭川田家
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唐代]：王维
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斜光照墟落，穷巷牛羊归。
田夫荷锄立，相见语依依。
即此羡闲逸，怅然吟式微。
渭川田家译文及注释
译文
村庄处处披满夕阳余辉，牛羊沿着深巷纷纷回归。
老叟惦念着放牧的孙儿，柱杖等候在自家的柴扉。
雉鸡鸣叫麦儿即将抽穗，蚕儿成眠桑叶已经薄稀。
农夫们荷锄回到了村里，相见欢声笑语恋恋依依。
如此安逸怎不叫我羡慕？我不禁怅然地吟起《式微》。
注释
渭川：渭水，源于甘肃鸟鼠山，经陕西，流入黄河。田家：农家。
墟落：村庄。斜阳：一作“斜光”。
穷巷：深巷。
野老：村野老人。牧童：一作“僮仆”。
倚杖：靠着拐杖。荆扉：柴门。
雉（zhì）雊（gòu）：野鸡鸣叫。《诗经·小雅·小弁》：“雉之朝雊，尚求其雌。”
蚕眠：蚕蜕皮时，不食不动，像睡眠一样。
荷（hè）：肩负的意思。至：一作“立”。
即此：指上面所说的情景。
式微：《诗经》篇名，其中有“式微，式微，胡不归”之句，表归隐之意。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：98-99
2、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：9
3、闫国猛 等．唐诗三百首．北京：中国工人出版社，2015：71-72
渭川田家创作背景
此诗未编年，可能作于开元（唐玄宗年号，713—741年）后期作者隐居蓝田时，是作者游览渭水两岸的农村有感而作的一首诗。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：139-140
2、王志清．王维诗选．北京：商务印书馆，2015：180-181
渭川田家鉴赏
这首诗描绘了一幅恬然自乐的田家暮归图，虽都是平常事物，却表现出诗人高超的写景技巧。全诗以朴素的白描手法，写出了人与物皆有所归的景像，映衬出诗人的心情，抒发了诗人渴望有所归，羡慕平静悠闲的田园生活的心情，流露出诗人在官场的孤苦、郁闷。全诗不事雕绘，纯用白描，自然清新，诗意盎然。
诗的核心是一个“归”字。诗人一开头，首先描写夕阳斜照村落的景象，渲染暮色苍茫的浓烈气氛，作为总背景，统摄全篇。接着，诗人一笔就落到“归”字上，描绘了牛羊徐徐归村的情景，很像是《诗经》里的几句诗：“鸡栖于埘，日之夕矣，羊牛下来。君子于役，如之何勿思？”诗人痴情地目送牛羊归村，直至没入深巷。就在这时，诗人看到了更为动人的情景：柴门外，一位慈祥的老人拄着拐杖，正迎候着放牧归来的小孩。这种朴素的散发着泥土芬芳的深情，感染了诗人，似乎也分享到了牧童归家的乐趣。顿时间，诗人感到这田野上的一切生命，在这黄昏时节，似乎都在思归。麦地里的野鸡叫得多动情啊，那是在呼唤自己的配偶；桑林里的桑叶已所剩无几，蚕儿开始吐丝作茧，营就自己的安乐窝，找到自己的归宿了。田野上，农夫们三三两两，扛着锄头下地归来，在田间小道上偶然相遇，亲切絮语，简直有点乐而忘归呢。诗人目睹这一切，联想到自己的处境和身世，十分感慨。自开元二十五年（737年）宰相张九龄被排挤出朝廷之后，王维深感政治上失去依傍，进退两难。在这种心绪下诗人来到原野，看到人皆有所归，唯独自己尚旁徨中路，不能不既羡慕又惆怅。所以诗人感慨系之地说：此诗经“即此”一点化，不仅此前所写之景皆成情语，而且景情契合无间，浑然一体，画龙点睛式地揭示了主题。“此”乃此前的流水账式的描写和概括，也就是“此”引发了诗人对“闲适”的羡慕之情。其实，农夫们并不闲逸。但诗人觉得和自己担惊受怕的官场生活相比，农夫们安然得多，自在得多，故有闲逸之感。《式微》诗中反复咏叹：“式微，式微，胡不归？”诗人借以抒发自己急欲归隐田园的心情，不仅在意境上与首句“斜阳照墟落”相照映，而且在内容上也落在“归”字上，使写景与抒情契合无间，浑然一体，画龙点睛式地揭示了主题。前面写了那么多的“归”，实际上都是反衬，以人皆有所归，反衬自己独无所归；以人皆归得及时、亲切、惬意，反衬自己归隐太迟以及自己混迹官场的孤单、苦闷。这最后一句是全诗的重心和灵魂。如果以为诗人的本意就在于完成那幅田家晚归图，这就失之于肤浅了。
这首诗绝大部分的篇幅是在写农村和农民，然而，诗人还是一种旁观者的姿态，顶多只是寻得了一种借题发挥的缘起。王维丰裕的经济地位，且仕且隐的名士风度，及其绝对占上风的庄禅思想的支配，使他绝不会像陶渊明那样贴近田园而做自食其力的耕作，他的感触和体验是隐士的而非农民的。
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陆游《
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幽居初夏》
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白朴《
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天净沙·夏》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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谭处端
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舍俗修行，超尘归素。安恬寂淡忘思虑。颠狂猿马锁空房，灵源一点常教住。
莫觅金翁，休搜龙虎。清清闲暇逍遥做。慧风吹散岭头云，一轮月照曹溪路。
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玉楼春
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：
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李子酉
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纱窗春睡朦胧著。相见尚怀相别恶。梦随城上角声残，泪逐楼前花片落。
东风不解吹愁却。明月几番乖后约。当时惟恐不多情，今日情多无处著。