倦夜
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宋代]：苏轼
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倦枕厌长夜，小窗终未明。
孤村一犬吠，残月几人行。
衰鬓久已白，旅怀空自清。
荒园有络纬，虚织竟何成。
倦夜译文及注释
译文
长夜厌烦，枕头上都觉乏人，左顾右盼，小窗外总不见天明。
耳边传来孤村的狗吠声；残月一下有几人在行动？
我双鬓早白而衰老，旅途的情思空空胸中静。
眼前荒园中阡陌纵横，蟋蟀声声叫个不停。它不断虚声好似纺绩，空鸣叫哪能有功成？
注释
倦枕：即对枕头厌烦，就是失眠。
未明：未见天亮。
残月：这里当指天将明的月亮。
衰鬓：人老而头发稀少。
旅怀：客居情怀。清：清苦。
络纬：即蟋蟀，虫名，又名莎鸡，俗称纺织娘。
参考资料：
1、袁运．唐宋名诗新译：南海出版公司，1992：398-399
2、邓楚栋．五朝千家诗：中国广播电视出版社，2008：97
倦夜创作背景
这首诗写于元符二年（1099），时苏轼已六十四岁。据记载，苏轼于绍圣四年丁丑（1097）被贬滴到昌化军（属今海南省），元符元年戊寅移至儋耳谪所。最初寄居在一所官屋中，后朝廷听到这个消息，便派人把他赶出来。于是他只好在儋州城南桄榔林下自己筹建一处住宅，名日桄榔庵。
参考资料：
1、阎兴广．宋诗选读：济南出版社，1993：110-112
倦夜鉴赏
“倦枕厌长夜，小窗终未明”，写失眠的人讨厌夜长，窗户仿佛永远也见不到亮似的。失眠的人希望天快亮，所以“厌长夜”一下句说，但黑夜又偏偏不肯退去，窗户老是不见光亮。“厌”“终”，表明作者失眠时间之久，情绪之烦躁，对天明的切盼。作者失眠之因，不外乎被贬的不幸，对前途的担优，生活的艰难，或者是对自己年老而无所作为的悔恨。看来这些因素可能都有。
“孤村一犬吠，残月几人行。”作者失眠可能很久了，时间可能是五更以后，天快明了。通常，’深夜是没有行人的，为生计奔波为人多半是黎明以前早起早行，所以引来犬吠。孤村，点明作者自己所处。残月，点明时间。两句简洁形象地写出荒寂的孤村黎明的景象，同时也衬托出作者寂寞的心情。
“衰鬓久已白，旅怀空自清。”苏轼此时已经“衰鬓久已白”。北宋官员升沉不定，调动频繁，“莫笑官居如传舍”，谓经常调迁，不能安居，苏轼饱尝其苦，“旅怀”即指此种情况。
“荒园有络纬，虚织竟何成。”这里作者以荒园络纬自比，感叹自己只是空喊，并未做出什么于人民有益的事，正如蟋蟀终日“织呀织”，“织呀织”的，只不过是空喊，是虚织。
苏轼《倦夜》中的前四行诗，在艺术上可与李白《静夜思》媲美。同样是写窗前月下，李白写床独不言窗，而必回故乡。此地无声胜有声。东坡写窗而不言床，只字不提故乡。只比李白多闻“一犬吠”，似乎挡着了回乡之路。把他人在官场，身不由己，欲归不能的痛楚写得淋漓尽致。此乃有声胜无声。
这首诗看上去极有柳宗元诗歌的味道，如“厌长夜”、“小窗”、“孤村”、“残月”、“衰鬓”、“荒园”、“旅怀”再加上静夜犬吠的声音效果，阴阴冷冷、孤独凄苦。柳诗《中夜起望西园值月上》便有此感，《郊居岁暮》亦有同趣“屏居负山郭，岁暮惊离索。野迥樵唱来，庭空烧尽落。”可见，苏轼是爱用柳诗的这些意象来表达自己的。但又像前面所说的一样。苏轼不是在堆砌柳宗元的凄冷意象，而是将其转为己用，就如《倦夜》这首诗，如若粗心读之，或会以为是柳诗，但稍加用心则会发现，这样的诗，只有宋人，只有苏轼才能写出。在柳宗元的诗中这些意象是并列关系，是对仗关系，“······回风一萧瑟，林影久参差。······羁禽响幽谷，寒藻舞沦漪。”（柳宗元《南涧中题》）“愁深楚猿夜，梦断越鸡晨。”（柳宗元《梅雨》）如是也。而《倦夜》则实不然，它不是一句一景式的，而是一句紧接一句，类似于叙事诗的，之间也有着因果关系。闻得“孤村一犬吠”，才会有“残月”下是否有人行的猜想，从而设想这位行者若不是只身一人，则是很好了。从行者又联想到自己一辈子孤身之旅，感慨万千了。
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王维《
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张鸣善《
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普天乐·雨儿飘》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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