虞美人·曲阑干外天如水
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宋代]：晏几道
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曲阑干外天如水。昨夜还曾倚。初将明月比佳期。长向月圆时候、望人归。
罗衣著破前香在。旧意谁教改。一春离恨懒调弦。犹有两行闲泪、宝筝前。
虞美人·曲阑干外天如水译文及注释
译文
回廊上的栏杆曲曲弯弯，外面的天色像水一样清澈湛蓝。昨天晚上，我也曾在这里凭倚栏杆。人们都把明月比作佳期，认为月满时人也会团圆。因此我每天都在这里倚眺望，盼望心上人早日回到身边。
绫罗的衣服虽已穿坏，但以前的余情尚在，令我缅怀留恋。可是不知旅行在外的游子，是谁让他把初衷改变。一春以来，因为离愁别恨而满怀愁怨，也懒得抚筝调弦。还有那两行因闲愁而伤心的眼泪，滴落在那宝筝的面前。
注释
罗衣著破：著，穿。
闲泪：闲愁之泪。
虞美人·曲阑干外天如水鉴赏
起首两句主写倚阑，而写今夕倚阑，却从“昨夜曾倚”见出，同样一句词，内涵容量便增加一倍不止。——既然连夜皆倚阑而望，当还有多少个如“昨夜”者！“天如水”，比喻夜空如水般明澈与清凉，可是其意不在于写天，而在于以明净的天空引出皓洁的明月。歇拍两句写女主人公的对月怀人。男子去后一直不回来，也没说准什么时候回来，她结想成痴，就相信了传统的或当时流行的说法——月圆人团圆，每遇月圆，就倚阑苦望。词中写女主人公倚阑看月，从希望到绝望，有其独到之处。“初将”是说“本将”，这一语汇，便已含有“后却不然”的意味。下面却跳过这层意思，径写“长望”，其中自有一而再、再而三以至多次的希望和失望的交替在不言之中。“初”字起，“长”字承转，两个要紧的字眼，括尽一时期以来望月情事，从中烘托出女主人公的痴情和怨意。
过片两句，从等待无望而终于悟知痴想成虚。“罗衣著破”，是时长日久；“前香在”，则以罗衣前香之犹存比喻往日欢情的温馨难忘，委婉表达对旧情的缱绻眷恋。“旧意谁教改”？问语怨意颇深。人情易变，不如前香之尚在；易散之香比人情还要持久，词中女主人公感到深深的痛苦。结拍二句，点出全词的“离恨”主旨，以“一春”写离恨的时间久长，以“懒调弦”、“两行闲泪”形容离恨的悲苦之深，将愁极无聊之感抒写到极致。春日本为芳思缠绵之时，然而日日为离恨所苦，自然无心调弦弹筝，然而又百无聊赖，于是不得不对着筝弦黯然神伤。这种内心的苦恨，被作者表现得维妙维肖。陈延焯谓“北宋晏小山工于言情”，确然不错。此词运笔有迥环往复之妙，读之使人心魂摇荡，低徊不已。
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虞美人·曲阑干外天如水》
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晏几道简介
唐代·晏几道的简介
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晏几道（1030-1106，一说1038—1110 ，一说1038-1112），男，汉族，字叔原，号小山，著名词人，抚州临川文港沙河（今属江西省南昌市进贤县）人。晏殊第七子。历任颍昌府许田镇监、乾宁军通判、开封府判官等。性孤傲，晚年家境中落。词风哀感缠绵、清壮顿挫。一般讲到北宋词人时，称晏殊为大晏，称晏几道为小晏。《雪浪斋日记》云：“晏叔原工小词，不愧六朝宫掖体。”如《鹧鸪天》中的“舞低杨柳楼心月，歌尽桃花扇底风”等等词句，备受人们的赞赏。
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