感皇恩·寒食不多时
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宋代]：晁冲之
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寒食不多时，牡丹初卖。小院重帘燕飞碍。昨宵风雨，只有一分春在，今朝犹自得，阴晴快。
熟睡起来，宿酲微带。不惜罗襟揾眉黛，日高梳洗，看著花阴移改。笑摘双杏子，连枝戴。
感皇恩·寒食不多时鉴赏
这首词是写暮春时候少妇的生活与心情的。首先点明词中女主人公所处的时节是暮春。所处的环境是有重帘的小院。寒食过后不久，街头巷尾已开始叫卖牡丹，显示出暮春特点。春天最活跃的燕子飞来飞去。只是由于重重帘幕的障碍，才没有飞入小院深处，“朱帘隔燕”（晏殊《踏莎行》）正是这少妇心境悠闲，观察细致所得的景象。这里还没有写出这女子的感受，直到“昨宵风雨，只有一分春在”，才从侧面流露出她的心情。“夜来风雨声，花落知多少？”（孟浩然《春晓》），昨夜的风雨使“小径红稀”（晏殊《踏莎行》）。花是春的象征。风雨无情，将花摧残殆尽，所剩无几。少妇不能不触目惊心，惊呼“只有一分春在。”九分春色都被雨打风吹去，她怎能不为之惋惜呢！“惜春常怕花开早，更何况落红无数。”（辛弃疾《摸鱼儿》）但这位女主人公惜春而不伤春，更不怨春，而是“今朝犹自得，阴晴快。”她的情绪没有因暮春时节风雨春残、群芳纷谢的冷落氛围所感染，而是阴也快，睛也快。上片末二句是全词情调转向愁苦还是转向乐观的分水岭。
下片写少妇睡起梳妆的举止动态。熟睡起来，昨夜的酒醉还未全解。两颊还微带着昨宵中酒的红晕。昨夜微醉的倦意也还没有完全消除。倦态娇姿，惹人怜爱。正是由于少妇宿酲未解，四肢酥软，娇慵无力，懒于下床打水盥洗，才“不惜罗襟揾眉黛，”顺手扯过罗衣擦去昨夜画眉的残余翠黛。作者描摹少妇的心理、动态，十分细腻、逼真。直到太阳渐渐升高，她的宿酲渐解，倦态渐消，慢慢恢复了平时的活力，这才梳妆打扮，淡扫娥眉，薄施粉黛，“看着花阴移改”，顾盼自怜。这起床梳洗过程，也是温庭筠《菩萨蛮》词中少妇“懒起画娥眉，弄妆梳洗迟”的另一种表现手法，但都是从女子梳妆的过程、动态来刻画她的神态和心境的，“花阴移改”是日高的补写。太阳渐渐升高，花景渐渐缩短，说明这少妇从睡起到起床，到梳冼完毕，到她有闲暇来看“花阴移改”，时间是相当长久的。因为用了“日高”、“花阴移改”这样的具体形象来描写，所以时间长久就不觉得抽象了
歇拍，“笑摘双杏子，连枝戴。”杏子成双，暗示词中女主人公内心盼望自己也能成双成对的微妙心理活动。“笑摘”说明她心情乐观、开朗。虽然作者当时是暂时独居，但她相信不久她可以和杏子一样成双成对，杏子成了她美好的愿望、未来幸福的象征物，神余言外，趣味隽永。一个“笑”字十分传神地表现她充满信心，充满希望。
这首词中的女主人公是独居闺中的，时间又值暮春，一般写法总是围绕“闺怨”、“春女多思”作文章，写女主人公见落花而流泪，看双燕而伤心；叹青春将逝，感独处无欢，愁苦忧思，情怀凄恻。而这首词却能不落窠臼，尽管写的也是暮春独居的女子，作者却塑造了一个乐观、自信、充满希望的女子形象，具有鲜明的、独特的个性，这是这首词的一个重要的特点。
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乔吉《
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折桂令·寄远》
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施耐庵《
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念奴娇·天南地北》
晁冲之简介
唐代·晁冲之的简介
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晁冲之，宋代江西派诗人。生卒年不详。字叔用，早年字用道。济州巨野（今属山东）人。晁氏是北宋名门、文学世家。晁冲之的堂兄晁补之、晁说之、晁祯之都是当时有名的文学家。早年师从陈师道。绍圣（1094～1097）初，党争剧烈，兄弟辈多人遭谪贬放逐，他便在阳翟（今河南禹县）具茨山隐居，自号具茨。十多年后回到汴京，当权者欲加任用，拒不接受。终生不恋功名，授承务郎。他同吕本中为知交，来往密切。其子晁公武是《郡斋读书志》的作者。
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