人月圆·宴北人张侍御家有感
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宋代]：吴激
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南朝千古伤心事，犹唱后庭花。旧时王谢、堂前燕子，飞向谁家。
恍然一梦，仙肌胜雪，宫髻堆鸦。江州司马，青衫泪湿，同是天涯。
人月圆·宴北人张侍御家有感译文及注释
译文
历经千古的北宋已成为伤心的地方，还唱着那《后庭花》曲。昔日的辉煌与显赫早已不复存在.过去的燕子停留在王导、谢安等豪华宅第人家，而如今却已不知道飞到了和人家中。
于异国重见故国宫姬，世事如梦呀，肌肤胜过白雪，见其昔日豪贵，发式如旧。江州司马泪水湿透青衫衣襟，我们俩同是天涯沦落的可悲人啊！
注释
人月圆：词牌名，亦为曲牌名。双调四十八字，前片五句两平韵，后片六句两平韵。
南朝（cháo）：东晋以后，宋、齐、梁、陈四朝并都于建业（今江苏省南京市），史称其为“南朝”，词中代指已为金所灭亡的北宋。
后庭花：曲名，即南朝陈后主所作之艳曲《玉树后庭花》。
髻（jì）：女性的一种发型，将头发挽在头顶。
堆鸦：即指其发型。
参考资料：
1、黄瑞云.词苑英华[M].湖北:湖北教育出版社,2005(3):473.
2、姚小勇.伤情之作 愤慨之词——读吴激《人月圆·宴北人张侍御家有感》[J].《文史知识》,1997(10):28-30.
人月圆·宴北人张侍御家有感创作背景
皇统二年（1142年）夏至日，应北人张侍御的邀请，宇文虚中、吴激、洪皓等南朝词客会饮其家。席间主人出侍儿歌词以侑酒助兴，中有一人意状摧抑可怜，因靖康之难被俘流北，最终沦为张侍御家婢。众人有感于其不幸的遭遇，遂发而为词，各赋一曲。其中宇文虚中《念奴娇》先成，及见吴彦高《人月圆》词，宇文虚中为之大惊，推为第一。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》，上海辞书出版社2381页，高原
人月圆·宴北人张侍御家有感鉴赏
吴激的这首词，通篇借用唐人诗句借景抒情，笔姿盘旋空灵、唱叹有情。当然也必须有一两句实写，才不致使人感到扑朔迷离。因此，过片几句推出前面对暗示的”商女“形象：“仙肌胜雪，宫髻堆鸦。”这两句描写不只是单纯写这位歌姬之美貌，而是从她的容颜梳妆，勾起了词人对北宋故国旧事的回忆和怀念。所以词人抚今追昔，而有“恍然一梦”之感。
昔日皇家女子，今朝却是市井歌妓，这个反差太强烈了，不禁又触发了词人故国之身悲，身世之同感。吴激想自己如今羁身北国，“十年风雪老穷边”（刘迎《题吴激诗集后》），自己和这位歌女不也“同是天涯沦落人”么？这自然使他想起当年白居易于浔阳江头夜遇琵琶女的情景，想起白居易的悲叹：“同是天涯论落人，相逢何必曾相识。......座中泣下谁最多？江州司马青衫湿！”吴激在《人月圆》的结尾三句融合白居易的诗意境，借意抒怀，把自己和这位歌姬，比作白居易之于琵琶女了。
北宋中叶以后，填词渐趋工巧，隐括前人诗句填词蔚为风气。贺铸、周邦彦、陆游、吴文英等人都擅长此道。而其中吴激这首词将古人诗句融为一体，浑然天成，如自其口出，能以人巧与天工相吻合，不愧是一首成功的“隐括体”。
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吴激简介
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吴激（1090～1142）宋、金时期的作家、书画家。字彦高，自号东山散人，建州（今福建建瓯）人。北宋宰相吴栻之子，书画家米芾之婿，善诗文书画，所作词风格清婉，多家园故国之思，与蔡松年齐名，时称“吴蔡体”，并被元好问推为“国朝第一作手”。
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