梧桐影·落日斜
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唐代]：吕岩
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落日斜，秋风冷。今夜故人来不来，教人立尽梧桐影。
梧桐影·落日斜译文及注释
译文
太阳已经西斜，眼见就要下山了，秋风一阵阵袭来，觉得更冷寂了。等了这么长时间，老朋友怎么还不来呢？到底来不来啊？等了很久了，夜幕已降临，月华满地了。又不知过了多久，梧桐影子也萧疏了，连月影都没有了。
注释
梧桐影：词牌名。
“落日”：一作“明月”。
“秋风”：一作“西风”。
“今夜故人”：一作“幽人今夜”。
梧桐影·落日斜创作背景
此词为唐五代道士吕洞宾的作品。词作者，是传说中八仙之一的吕洞宾。宋胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话》后集卷三十八、《词林纪事》卷一引《竹坡诗话》均言系于京师大梁景德寺峨嵋院僧房间题壁词，词句略有差异。从全词所写秋景和所抒幽情看，显然是吕岩早期的作品。
参考资料：
1、周汝昌 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（唐·五代·北宋）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：289-290
梧桐影·落日斜鉴赏
“落日斜，秋风冷。”首先烘托出词中主人公所处的特定环境：落日馀晖，秋风送寒。只有六个字，却字字珠玑。尤其着一“冷”字，不仅点染出秋天黄昏的冷寂，而且衬托出词人思念友人的凄切感情，更为下文“今夜”蓄势，巧妙地伏下一笔。
“今夜故人来不来？教人立尽梧桐影。”从全文分析，词人与友人早已相约在先，而且从“落日斜”时，兴冲冲地等待友人到来，一直等到“立尽梧桐影”，等待的时间久了，黄昏而入夜，而月上东楼。“梧桐影”显然是明月所照映。“影子”尽了，意味着月亮落了，天也快亮了。等待友人欢会共语，久久不见到来，自然等急了，个中不无抱怨情绪。“今夜故人来不来？”是自问，还是问人，抑或问天地星月？是啊，词人殷切地等待友人，从“落日斜，秋风冷”，如今已是夜深人静，银河星稀，明月西落，不只见出等待之久，更见出那焦急烦怨中的思念之深、盼望之切。这是一种特定环境中特有的人物的特殊感情。如果说这一问是抒情主人公脱口而出、所未经意，那么末句“立尽梧桐影”则意蕴极深，“含不尽之意于言外”。寥寥五字，字字传神，处处含情，说明等待友人的确时间很长很长了。词人借一“影”字，写出了月华满地，不能勾起思念友人的深情；对月孤影，不能不触动孤独寂冷的感受；梧桐萧疏，月影已尽，不能不引起虚掷欢聚之良宵的幽怨而又切盼的思念之情。
全词二十个字，“落日”、“秋风”、“梧桐影”，词人极善于借助外物环境来烘托人物内心的情思，达到境与情谐、景与情通的至境。这种渲染烘托、借景抒情的手法，在晚唐五代词中堪称上乘。吕岩的词，正如传说中他的神仙踪迹，飘忽无定，不可捉摸。北宋柳永《倾杯》词中“愁绪终难整，又是立尽梧桐碎影”，即袭此词之意。
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吕岩简介
唐代·吕岩的简介
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吕岩，也叫做吕洞宾。唐末、五代著名道士。名□(一作□)，号纯阳子，自称回道人。世称吕祖或纯阳祖师，为民间神话故事八仙之一。较早的宋代记载，称他为“关中逸人”或“关右人”，元代以后比较一致的说法，则为河中府蒲坂县永乐镇（今属山西芮城）人，或称世传为东平（治在今山东东平）人。
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