渔家傲·秋思
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宋代]：范仲淹
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渔家傲·秋思译文及注释
译文
秋天到了，西北边塞的风光和江南不同。大雁又飞回衡阳了，一点也没有停留之意。黄昏时，军中号角一吹，周围的边声也随之而起。层峦叠嶂里，暮霭沉沉，山衔落日，孤零零的城门紧闭。
饮一杯浊酒，不由得想起万里之外的家乡，未能像窦宪那样战胜敌人，刻石燕然，不能早作归计。悠扬的羌笛响起来了，天气寒冷，霜雪满地。夜深了，将士们都不能安睡：将军为操持军事，须发都变白了；战士们久戍边塞，也流下了伤心的眼泪。
注释
渔家傲：又名《吴门柳》、《忍辱仙人》、《荆溪咏》、《游仙关》。
塞：边界要塞之地，这里指西北边疆。
衡阳雁去：传说秋天北雁南飞，至湖南衡阳回雁峰而止，不再南飞。
边声：边塞特有的声音，如大风、号角、羌笛、马啸的声音。
千嶂：绵延而峻峭的山峰；崇山峻岭。
燕然未勒：指战事未平，功名未立。燕然：即燕然山，今名杭爱山，在今蒙古国境内。据《后汉书·窦宪传》记载，东汉窦宪率兵追击匈奴单于，去塞三千余里，登燕然山，刻石勒功而还。
羌管：即羌笛，出自古代西部羌族的一种乐器。
悠悠：形容声音飘忽不定。
寐：睡，不寐就是睡不着。
渔家傲·秋思创作背景
宋康定元年（1040年）至庆历三年（1043年）间，范仲淹任陕西经略副使兼延州知州。据史载，在他镇守西北边疆期间，深为西夏所惮服，称他“腹中有数万甲兵”。这首词作于北宋与西夏战争对峙时期。宋仁宗年间，范仲淹被朝廷派往西北前线，承担起北宋西北边疆防卫重任。
渔家傲·秋思鉴赏
宋仁宗朝，西夏是从西北方面侵扰中原的强大敌人。公元1040年，范仲淹任陕西经略副使兼知延州（陕西延安），在边城的防御上起了很大的作用；但朝廷腐败，败多胜少，只能坚守以稳定大局。本词即作于此时。
上片着重写景。“塞下”二句首先点明地点，时间和边地延州与内地不同的风光，其次具体地描述风光的不同，西北边疆气候寒冷，一到秋天，寒风萧瑟，满目荒凉，大雁此时奋翅南飞，毫无留恋之意。“四面边声”三句写延州傍晚时分的景象，边声伴着军中的号角响起，凄恻悲凉。在群山的环抱中，太阳西沉，长烟苍茫，城门紧闭，“孤城闭”三字隐隐透露出宋王朝不利的军事形势。千嶂、孤城、长烟、落日，这是静；边声、号角则是伴以声响的动。动静结合，展现出一幅充满肃杀之气的战地风光图画，形象地描绘了边塞特异的风景。
下片抒情。“浊酒一杯”二句，先自抒怀抱，作者为前线三军统帅，防守边塞，天长日久，难免起乡关之思。想要借一杯浊酒消解乡愁，路途遥远，家人在何方？更重要的是，战争没有取得胜利，还乡之计就无从谈起。而要取胜又谈何容易，因此更浓更重的乡愁就凝聚在心头，无计可除。“羌管悠悠霜满地”，写夜景，紧承“长烟落日，”到了夜晚，笛声悠扬，秋霜遍地，更引动了GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的乡思。全词结束在“人不寐，将军白发征夫泪”二句上，此二句从写景转入写情。戍边将士上下一心，同仇敌忾，本可以战胜敌人，无奈朝廷奉行的是不抵抗政策，戍守艰苦，又无归计，人怎么能睡得着呢！旷日持久的守边白了将军的头，使征夫洒下许多思乡的热泪。
把西北边陲的羌管笳鼓声带进词坛，使词进一步向社会化靠拢，旁枝独秀于艳词之外，本篇即为发端者之一。语气沉郁雄浑，风格苍凉悲壮，上下片之间情景相生，浑然一体。上篇“雁去无留意”移情于物，生动地表现了GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人久戍边关，更无留意的内心感受。“千嶂里，长烟落日孤城闭”，在描写边塞风光的词篇中，可称警策。作者爱国主义的英雄气概充满了字里行间，气象开阔，开苏、辛豪放词之先河。
提到范仲淹，人们很容易想到他那篇有名的《岳阳楼记》，而很少记起他的词作；同样，因为文章，人们大多认他作文官，而很少当他为武将。这首词，可以弥补这种认识的不足。
1040年（宋康定元年）至1043年(庆历三年)间，范仲淹任陕西经略副使兼延州知州。据史载，在他镇守西北边疆期间，既号令严明又爱抚士兵，并招徕诸将推心接纳，深为西夏所惮服，称他“腹中有数万甲兵”。这首题为“秋思”的《渔家傲》就是他身处军中的感怀之作。
范仲淹《渔家傲》一词开篇塞下秋来风景异，衡阳雁去无留意。一句极力渲染边塞秋季风景的独异，上片写景，描写的自然是塞下的秋景。四面边声连角起，千嶂里，长烟落日孤城闭。从视觉听觉等方面表现了边塞地区的萧条寂寥。
起句“塞下秋来风景异”，“塞下”点明了延州的所在区域。它处在层层山岭的环抱之中；下句牵挽到对西夏的军事斗争。“长烟落日”，颇得王维名句“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆”之神韵，写出了塞外的壮阔风光。而在“长烟落日”之后，紧缀以“孤城闭”三字，把所见所闻诸现象连缀起来，展现在人们眼前的是一幅充满肃杀之气的战地风光画面，隐隐地透露宋朝不利的军事形势。上片一个“异”字，统领全部景物的特点：秋来早往南飞的大雁，风吼马啸夹杂着号角的边声，崇山峻岭里升起的长烟，西沉落日中闭门的孤城……作者用近乎白描的手法，描摹出一幅寥廓荒僻、萧瑟悲凉的边塞鸟瞰图。边塞，虽然经过了历史长河的淘洗，但在古诗人的笔触下，却依然留着相同的印迹。
下片起句“浊酒一杯家万里”，是词人的自抒怀抱。他身负重任，防守危城，天长日久，难免起乡关之思。这“一杯”与“万里”数字之间形成了悬殊的对比，也就是说，一杯浊酒，消不了浓重的乡愁，造语雄浑有力。乡愁皆因“燕然未勒归无计”而产生。燕然未勒也是《封燕然山铭》这个典故而来：东汉和帝永元元年，车骑将军窦宪北伐匈奴，大破之，在漠北燕然山刻石记功，由班固执笔，颂汉威德，就是所谓“勒石燕然”。勒字此处是雕刻的意思。
“羌管悠悠霜满地”，写夜景，在时间上是“长烟落日”的延续。“人不寐”，补叙上句，表明自己彻夜未眠，徘徊于庭。“将军白发征夫泪”，由自己而及征夫总收全词。总之下片抒情，将直抒胸臆和借景抒情相结合，抒发的是作者壮志难酬的感慨和忧国的情怀。
这首边塞词既表现将军的英雄气概及征夫的艰苦生活，也暗寓对宋王朝重内轻外政策的不满，爱国激情，浓重乡思，兼而有之，构成了将军与征夫思乡却渴望建功立业的复杂而又矛盾的情绪。这种情绪主要是通过全词景物的描写，气氛的渲染，婉曲地传达出来。综观全词，意境开阔苍凉，形象生动鲜明，反映出作者耳闻目睹、亲身经历的场景，表达了作者自己和戍边将士们的内心感情，读起来真切感人。
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辛弃疾《
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破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》
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晏殊《
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破阵子·春景》
范仲淹简介
唐代·范仲淹的简介
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范仲淹（989－1052年），字希文，汉族，北宋著名的政治家、思想家、军事家、文学家，世称“范文正公”。范仲淹文学素养很高，写有著名的《岳阳楼记》。
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东北有伟人，大名垂西南。政化延邛笮，啸歌抒幽覃。
春嘘山矗矗，秋净水潭潭。琴能鸣其治，泉亦忘其贪。
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写墨竹一枝
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元代：
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刘永之
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为君粘笔写筼筜，数尺新捎绿粉香。持向西窗听夜雨，高情浑似对潇湘。
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新作殊亭
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宋代：
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薛季宣
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虎将夏中时，旋复怡亭址。茅茨覆采椽，朴拙亦可喜。
建斗五移杓，殊亭更释子。规摹虽少华，不陋复不侈。
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江浦县遇曾于皋
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明代：
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杨士奇
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忽遇髫年旧，惟看语笑真。清诗仍满袖，华发已盈巾。
桑梓二千里，萍逢四十春。金溪吟啸地，因话共伤神。
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浣溪纱 其一 寿鹤亭六十
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：
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胡汉民
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南面书城傲百王。保民耆寿在文章。飞来仙蝶又称觞。
闲向名山寻鲍葛，笑夸年少唤潘张。年年松鹤好商量。
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和沈仲一北湖十咏·萱竹堂
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宋代：
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陈傅良
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萱草须锄莫放深，竹须剪伐待成林。
一花一叶皆相附，要使儿孙识此心。