宫中调笑·团扇
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唐代]：王建
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弦管，弦管，春草昭阳路断。
宫中调笑·团扇译文及注释
译文
团扇，团扇，宫中的美人病后用它来遮面。
抱病三年，容颜憔悴，再没有谁同她商量管弦！
管弦，管弦，无情的春草把通往昭阳殿的道路阻断。
注释
调笑令：词牌名，此调亦即《宫中调笑》（又称《转应曲》。黄升云：“王仲初（王建字仲初）以宫词百首著名，《三台令》、《转应曲》，其余技也。”此词即属“宫词”之余。词调本以“转应”为特点，凡三换韵，仄平仄间换；而此词内容上亦多转折照应，大体一韵为一层次。
团扇：圆形的扇子，古代歌女在演唱时常用以遮面。
管弦：用丝竹做的乐器，如琴、箫、笛。
昭阳：昭阳殿，借指皇帝和宠妃享乐之地。
参考资料：
1、《全唐诗》（下）.上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版，第2165页
宫中调笑·团扇创作背景
王建写了大量的乐府，同情百姓疾苦，与张籍齐名。又写过宫词百首，在传统的宫怨之外，还广泛地描绘宫中风物，是研究唐代宫廷生活的重要材料。他写过一些小词，别具一格，《调笑令》，原题为“宫中调笑”，可见本是专门供君王开开玩笑的，王建却用来写宫中妇女的哀怨。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋等著 ．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（唐·五代·北宋卷） ．上海. ：上海辞书出版社 ，1988年版（2010年5月重印） ：第21-22页 ．
宫中调笑·团扇鉴赏
“团扇，团扇，美人病来遮面。”以咏扇起兴，同时绘出一幅妍妙的宫中仕女图。“新裂齐纨素，皎洁如霜雪。裁成合欢扇，团团如明月。”（班婕妤《怨歌行》）美的团扇，是美人的衬托。人的处表美当与健康分不开，但在封建时代，士大夫的审美观却是：西子捧心则更添妍姿。词起首写美人病来，自惭色减，以扇遮面，而纨扇与玉颜掩映，反有“因病致妍”之妙。如此写人，方为传神；如此咏物，方觉生动。倘如说“病态美”于今天的读者已经隔膜，那也无关紧要，因为全词的旨趣并不在此。作者最多不过是借此表明一种“红颜未老恩先断”的感慨罢了。
“玉颜憔悴三年，谁复商量管弦！”“玉颜憔悴”上应“美人病来”，却从咏物及人的外部动态过渡到写人物的命运和内心活动，转折中词意便深入一层。从下句的“复”字可会出，“三年”前美人曾有人与同“商量管弦”，以歌笑管领春风，而这一切已一去不复返。可见美人的“病”非常病，乃是命运打击所致，是由承恩到失宠的结果。“玉颜憔悴三年”，其中包含多少痛苦与辛酸。“谁复商量管弦！”将一腔幽怨通过感叹句表出。谁，有谁，也即“没有谁”。冷落三年之久，其为无人顾问，言下自明，语意中状出一种黯然神伤、独自叹息的情态。
“弦管，弦管，春草昭阳路断。”点明宫怨之意。“昭阳”，汉殿名，为汉成帝赵昭仪所居，用来指得宠的所在。“昭阳路断”即“君恩”已断，不直言这是因为君王喜新厌旧所致，而托言是春草萋萋遮断通往昭阳之路，含怨于不怨，尤婉曲有味。这从昭阳殿那边隐约传来的歌吹之声，会勾起久已不复有人“商量管弦”的GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人多深的惆怅，是不言面喻的。于是，“团扇”的兴义立见，它暗用了班婕妤著名的《怨歌行》的全部诗意，即以“秋扇见弃”暗示“恩情中道绝”。则所谓“美人病来遮面”亦不仅是自惭形秽而已，其中颇含“且将畴扇共徘徊”（王昌龄《长信秋词》）的感慨，见物我同情。这又是首尾转应了。
本来“弦管”的叠语按律只为上句末二字“管弦”倒文重叠咏叹，不必具实义。此词用来却能化虚为实，使二叠语大有助于意境的深化和词意的丰富。全词这所以能曲尽“转应”之妙，与此大有关系。这样的句子，方称得上“活句”。
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白居易《
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浪淘沙·借问江潮与海水》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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