清平乐·村居
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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茅檐低小，溪上青青草。
醉里吴音相媚好，白发谁家翁媪？
最喜小儿亡赖，溪头卧剥莲蓬。(亡通：无)
清平乐·村居译文及注释
译文
草屋的茅檐又低又小，溪边长满了碧绿的小草。
含有醉意的吴地方言，听起来温柔又美好，那满头白发的老人是谁家的呀？
大儿子在溪东边的豆田锄草，二儿子正忙于编织鸡笼。
最令人喜爱的是小儿子，他正横卧在溪头草丛，剥着刚摘下的莲蓬。
注释
清平乐（yuè）：词牌名。村居：题目
茅檐：茅屋的屋檐。
吴音：吴地的方言。作者当时住在信州（今上饶），这一带的方言为吴音。相媚好：指相互逗趣，取乐。
翁媪（ǎo）：老翁、老妇。
锄豆：锄掉豆田里的草。
织：编织，指编织鸡笼。
亡（wú）赖：这里指小孩顽皮、淘气。亡，通“无”。
卧：趴。
参考资料：
1、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（二）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999：146-147
2、杨忠译注．辛弃疾词选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：144-145
3、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：281
清平乐·村居创作背景
此词作于辛弃疾闲居带湖期间。由于辛弃疾始终坚持爱国抗金的政治主张，他一直遭受当权投降派的排斥和打击。从四十三岁起，他长期未得任用。理想的破灭，使他在隐居中更加关注农村生活，写下了大量的闲适词和田园词。这首《清平乐·村居》就是其中之一。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：1516-1517
2、杨忠译注．辛弃疾词选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：144-145
清平乐·村居鉴赏
在这首词中作者通过对农村景象的描绘，反映出他的主观感情，并非只在纯客观地作素描。
作者这首词是从农村的一个非劳动环境中看到一些非劳动成员的生活剪影，反映出春日农村有生机、有情趣的一面。上片第一、二两句是作者望中所见，镜头稍远。“茅檐低小”，邓《笺》引杜甫《绝句漫兴》：“熟知茅斋绝低小，江上燕子故来频。”此正写南宋当时农村生活条件并不很好。如果不走近这低小的茅檐下，是看不到这户人家的活动，也听不到人们讲话的声音的。第二句点明茅屋距小溪不远，而溪上草已返青，实暗用谢灵运《登池上楼》“池塘生春草”语意，说明春到农村，生机无限，又是农忙季节了。作者略含醉意，迤逦行来，及至走近村舍茅檐，却听到一阵用吴音对话的声音，使自己感到亲切悦耳（即所谓“相媚好”），这才发现这一家的成年人都已下田劳动，只有一对老夫妇留在家里，娓娓地叙家常。所以用了一个反问句：“这是谁家的老人呢？”然后转入对这一家的其他少年人的描绘。这样讲，主客观层次较为分明，比把“醉”的主语指翁媪似更合情理。
下片写大儿锄豆，中儿编织鸡笼，都是写非正式劳动成员在搞一些副业性质的劳动。这说明农村中绝大多数并非坐以待食、不劳而获的闲人，即使是未成丁的孩子也要干点力所能及的活儿，则成年人的辛苦勤奋可想而知。“卧”字确实使用最妙，它把小儿躺在溪边剥莲蓬吃的天真、活泼、顽皮的劲儿，和盘托出，跃然纸上，从而使人物形象鲜明，意境耐人寻味。表现出只有老人和尚无劳动力的年龄最小的孩子，才悠然自得其乐。这实际上是从《庄子·马蹄篇》“含哺而熙（嬉），鼓腹而游”的描写化出，却比《庄子》写得更为生动，更为含蓄，也更形象化。特别是作者用了侧笔反衬手法，反映农村生活中一个恬静闲适的侧面，却给读者留下了大幅度的想象补充余地。这与作者的一首《鹧鸪天》的结尾，所谓“城中桃李愁风雨，春在溪头荠菜花”正是同一机杼，从艺术效果看，也正有异曲同工之妙。
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辛弃疾《
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苏轼《
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浣溪沙·游蕲水清泉寺》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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