水调歌头·平山堂用东坡韵
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宋代]：方岳
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秋雨一何碧，山色倚晴空。江南江北愁思，分付酒螺红。芦叶蓬舟千重，菰菜莼羹一梦，无语寄归鸿。醉眼渺河洛，遗恨夕阳中。
苹洲外，山欲暝，敛眉峰。人间俯仰陈迹，叹息两仙翁。不见当时杨柳，只是从前烟雨，磨灭几英雄。天地一孤啸，匹马又西风。
水调歌头·平山堂用东坡韵译文及注释
译文
平山堂上伫立远望，秋雨过后，江岸的山色在晴空映衬下分外青碧。一个人辗转大江南北，有多少忧愁思绪，都付之一醉，暂且忘却吧。乘坐小船沿芦苇岸边千里漂泊，张翰那种思念菰菜莼羹就辞官归家的作为，于我只能是一场梦了，我惟有默默无语把思念寄托给南飞鸿雁。醉眼朦胧中回望渺远的黄河洛水，夕阳笼罩下留存多少遗憾和愤恨！
在苹草萋萋的洲渚外面，远山在暮色里就要收敛他的眉峰。俯仰凭吊平山堂的人间遗迹，叹息欧、苏两位仙翁已然远逝。眼前没了当时的杨柳，只是从前的烟雨，磨灭了几位英雄。且唱响一声孤啸，我又将匹马启程，在西风凄紧的天地间。
注释
平山堂：在今扬州西北蜀岗上，为欧阳修所建.
螺红：红色的螺杯。
菰菜莼羹：相传张翰在外作官时，见秋风起，想起了家乡的菰菜、莼羹和鲈鱼脍，就辞官归乡。
河洛：黄河与洛水之间的地区。此处泛指沦陷于金兵之手的土地，故词人有遗恨在焉。
两仙翁：指欧阳修与苏东坡。
匹马：有作者自喻意。
水调歌头·平山堂用东坡韵创作背景
扬州西北的平山堂，是欧阳修在这里任知州时建造的。登堂遥眺，江南金、焦、北固诸山尽在眼前，视与堂平，故取名“平山”。一个世纪后，方岳身处平山堂，俯仰江山，缅怀先贤，不禁诗思如潮，就以苏东坡《黄州快哉亭》词的韵脚，写下了这首《水调歌头》。
水调歌头·平山堂用东坡韵鉴赏
“江南江北愁思”两句，意思是说平生行遍江南江北，积累起来的许多愁思，都付之一醉，暂时忘却吧。借酒消愁本来是人之常情，尤以文人为甚。但作者哪里来这么多“愁思”，它的具体内容又是什么呢？一是自伤飘泊无定，二是慨叹中原未复。这就是有点有染的写法，即先说明性质，然后再表现内容。
“芦叶蓬舟千里”三句，写词人长年飘泊在外，不能回乡。“芦叶”句展示“蓬舟”（盖有蓬顶的小舟）在长满芦叶的岸边行驶之状。“千里”极言行程之长，飘泊地域之广阔。“菰菜莼羹”用的是张翰的典故：相传张翰在外作官时，见秋风起，想起了家乡的菰菜、莼羹和鲈鱼脍，就命驾而归。“菰菜莼羹”后面加上“一梦”两字，就否定了此事的现实性。因而只好“无语寄归鸿”，默默无言地目送征鸿南归。方岳是南宋后期著名的江湖派诗人之一，他少年飘荡江湖，中年以后，虽中了进士而宦游各地，还不免有“游宦成羁旅”之感。思归而不得，发为愁思，就是顺理成章的事了。
“醉眼渺河洛，遗恨夕阳中”一句，意思是醉酒后的词人双眼朦胧，河洛一带渺不可及，而遗恨于夕阳之中，这不是其字面意思，实质上它抒发的是词人为中原沦落，未能收复而遗恨。
下片又从眼前景物写起。“苹洲外”三句，写远山在黄昏中的姿态。“苹洲”是长满苹草的洲渚；苹洲之外，远山在暮色中敛下了它的眉峰，这是将愁苦的感情移入于物，写的是带情之景。这种写法，一方面增加了状物的形象性，一方面也抒发了自己的感情，可谓一举两得。
“人间俯仰陈迹”至“磨灭几英雄”五句，转入怀古。作者遥想当年与平山堂有密切关系的欧阳修和苏东坡两位“仙翁”已经逝去，黯然神伤扼腕叹息。
“杨柳”和“烟雨”是欧阳修和苏东坡词中描写的平山堂景色，作者巧妙地引用这两个词，除了表示对欧苏二公无限景仰外，还寄托了沧桑之感。“杨柳”已非，“烟雨”依旧，而几许英雄，已磨灭于此变化之中。这几乎是文人登临怀古的一个永恒主题，骨子里是感到人生虚幻，蒙上了一层虚无的感伤色彩，这是失意牢落者常有的感情。
最后两句，从怀古议论回到现实，写自己又将匹马登程，在西风凄烈的天地之间，怅然孤啸。其情其景，是够令人感伤的。这一结尾，又回到了飘泊的愁思，与上片遥相呼应。
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方岳《
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水调歌头·平山堂用东坡韵》
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刘克庄《
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长相思·惜梅》
方岳简介
唐代·方岳的简介
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方岳(1199～1262),南宋诗人、词人。字巨山，号秋崖。祁门（今属安徽）人。绍定五年(1232)进士，授淮东安抚司□官。淳□中，以工部郎官充任赵葵淮南幕中参议官。后调知南康军。后因触犯湖广总领贾似道，被移治邵武军。后知袁州，因得罪权贵丁大全，被弹劾罢官。后复被起用知抚州，又因与贾似道的旧嫌而取消任命。
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