思越人·紫府东风放夜时
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宋代]：贺铸
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紫府东风放夜时。步莲秾李伴人归。五更钟动笙歌散，十里月明灯火稀。
香苒苒，梦依依。天涯寒尽减春衣。凤凰城阙知何处，寥落星河一雁飞。
思越人·紫府东风放夜时译文及注释
译文
东风初起的京城解除宵禁之时，我伴着看貌如秾李、步生莲花的美人归去。五更的钟声响起，笙歌已散尽，月色皎皎而灯火稀疏。
香烟袅袅，梦魂恢依。天涯寒意散尽，我减下春衣。京城迢递，不知在何处，只望见稀疏冷落的银河下孤雁高飞。
注释
思越人：词牌名，又名《思佳客》、《鹧鸪天》、《剪朝霞》、《骊歌一叠》。双调，五十五字，押平声韵。
紫府：紫色象征华贵，皇宫、仙居皆可称紫府，此处指整个东京（今开封）。“放夜”：解除夜禁。
步莲：步莲，形容女子步态优美。秾（nóng）李：形容女子貌美如秾艳的李花。
苒苒（rǎn）：气味或烟尘轻飘的样子。
凤凰城阙：凤凰栖息的宫阙，这里指京城。
参考资料：
1、（清）朱孝臧编选；思履主编 ．宋词三百首 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2013 ：202 ．
2、（清）朱孝臧编选；思履主编 ．宋词三百首彩图全解详注 超值白金版 ：中国华侨出版社 ， 2012 ：202页 ．
思越人·紫府东风放夜时创作背景
贺铸青年时期曾在京城度过的一段少年侠气、无忧无虑的美好时光，此后却长期辗转在偏僻之地任一些微小官职，有志难展，郁闷在心。回首往昔，梦绕魂牵，这首词就是作者在此境况下写出。
参考资料：
1、（清）朱孝臧编选；思履主编 ．宋词三百首彩图全解详注 超值白金版 ：中国华侨出版社 ， 2012 ：202页 ．
思越人·紫府东风放夜时鉴赏
这是一首记梦词，写梦中京城元宵节的欢乐情景，以及梦醒后的凄清之境和失落之感，含蓄地表达了一种抚今追昔、怀才不遇的情绪。
上片写梦境。在梦中，词人仿佛又置身于东京热闹繁盛的元宵之夜。古代都市实行宵禁，闹市绝行人。唐以后，逢正月十五前后几日解除宵禁，让人们尽情观灯游赏。首句用词华丽欢快，使整个梦境处于欢乐美妙的氛围之中。
尽情游览之后，词人仿佛和一个女子相伴而归。这女子步态多姿，好像一步一朵莲花；这女子容貌娇美如秾艳的桃李。他们亲密地行走在一起，周围的环境是：“五更钟动笙歌散，十里月明灯火稀”。虽是曲终人散、天色将晓的时光，但节日的痕迹仍处处可见。“五更”暗示笙歌彻夜，喧闹时间之长；“十里”点出东京处处繁华，欢度佳节范围之广。从侧面烘托出东京元宵佳节的欢腾热闹，给人留下了想象余地，收到了以少胜多的艺术效果，也符合梦境似断似续、似真似幻的实际情况。
整个上片通过对梦境的描绘，体现了东京元宵之夜的良辰美景和舒心惬意，也表达了词人对之追念、珍惜、留恋的感情。
下片写梦醒之后的情和景，与上片形成鲜明对比。一觉醒来，笙歌、灯火、佳人全都子虚乌有。眼前是炉香袅袅，处境孤凄，脑海中梦境历历，回味无穷。现实与梦境，如今与往昔，孤凄与欢乐，对照分明。梦中京城，如今天涯；梦中佳节，笙歌灯火，激动人心，如今暮春，只有琐碎平凡的减衣换季；梦中的五更，他与佳人相伴，踏月赏灯而归，眼前的拂晓，只有对往昔的思念，更品味出此刻的孤寂。“凤凰城阙”远在天边，当年的生活亦不再来。“知何处”表达了一种怅惘之情。词人把目光望向窗外，梦中的灯月，心中的京城都看不到；稀疏的晨星中，一只孤雁鸣叫着飞过。这许是眼前景的实写，却更具象征和比喻。远离京城，有志难展的词人就正像那只失群的孤雁。在这一凄清画面衬托下，词人抚今追昔、郁闷失意的心绪显露无疑。
全词构思完整，一气呵成。上下片的环境、氛围、情绪截然不同。一梦一真，一虚一实，一乐一哀，对照鲜明，又侧重后者，强调词人今日的失意。做梦乃生活中平常现象，词人却能因之为词，创作出成功的佳构，抒发自己的哀乐，实非易事。
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姜夔《
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踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵》
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陈亮《
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水调歌头·送章德茂大卿使虏》
贺铸简介
唐代·贺铸的简介
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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