菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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郁孤台下清江水，中间多少行人泪。西北望长安，可怜无数山。
青山遮不住，毕竟东流去。江晚正愁余，山深闻鹧鸪。(愁余一作：愁予)
菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁译文及注释
译文
郁孤台下这赣江的水，水中有多少行人的眼泪。我举头眺望西北的长安，可惜只看到无数青山。
但青山怎能把江水挡住？江水毕竟还会向东流去。夕阳西下我正满怀愁绪，听到深山里传来鹧鸪的鸣叫声。
注释
⑴菩萨蛮：词牌名。
⑵造口：一名皂口，在江西万安县南六十里。
⑶郁孤台：今江西省赣州市城区西北部贺兰山顶，又称望阙台，因“隆阜郁然，孤起平地数丈”得名。清江：赣江与袁江合流处旧称清江。
⑷长安：今陕西省西安市，为汉唐故都。此处代指宋都汴京。
⑸愁余：使我发愁。
(6)无数山：很多座山。
(7)鹧鸪：鸟名。传说其叫声如云“行不得也哥哥”，啼声凄苦。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注．宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992年11月版：第203页
2、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社，2009年11月版：第362页
3、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009年11月版：第278页
菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁创作背景
公元1175至1176年（淳熙二、三年）间，辛弃疾任江西提点刑狱，经常巡回往复于湖南、江西等地。来到造口，俯瞰不舍昼夜流逝而去的江水，词人的思绪也似这江水般波澜起伏，绵延不绝，于是写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、邓小军 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988年8月版：第1503-1505页
菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁鉴赏
辛弃疾此首《菩萨蛮》，用极高明之比兴艺术，写极深沉之爱国情思，无愧为词中瑰宝。
词题“书江西造口壁”，起写郁孤台与清江。造口一名皂口，在江西万安县西南六十里（《万安县志》）。词中的郁孤台在赣州城西北角（《嘉靖赣州府志图》），因“隆阜郁然，孤起平地数丈”得名。“唐李勉为虔州（即赣州）剌史时，登临北望，慨然曰：‘余虽不及子牟，而心在魏阙一也。’改郁孤为望阙。”（《方舆胜览》）清江即赣江。章、贡二水抱赣州城而流，至郁孤台下汇为赣江北流，经造口、万安、太和、吉州（治庐陵，今吉安）、隆兴府（即洪州，今南昌市），入鄱阳湖注入长江。
“郁孤台下清江水。”起笔横绝。由于汉字形、声、义具体可感之特质，尤其郁有郁勃、沉郁之意，孤有巍巍独立之感，郁孤台三字劈面便凸起一座郁然孤峙之高台。词人调动此三字打头阵，显然有满腔磅礴之激愤，势不能不用此突兀之笔也。进而写出台下之清江水。《万安县志》云：“赣水入万安境，初落平广，奔激响溜。”写出此一江激流，词境遂从百余里外之郁孤台，顺势收至眼前之造口。造口，词境之核心也。故又纵笔写出：“中间多少行人泪。”行人泪三字，直点造口当年事。词人身临隆祐太后被追之地，痛感建炎国脉如缕之危，愤金兵之猖狂，羞国耻之未雪，乃将满怀之悲愤，化为此悲凉之句。在词人之心魂中，此一江流水，竟为行人流不尽之伤心泪。行人泪意蕴深广，不必专言隆祐。在建炎年间四海南奔之际，自中原至江淮而江南，不知有多少行人流下无数伤心泪啊。由此想来，便觉隆祐被追至造口，又正是那一存亡危急之秋之象征。无疑此一江行人泪中，也有词人之悲泪啊。“西北望长安，可怜无数山。”长安指汴京，西北望犹言直北望。词人因回想隆祐被追而念及神州陆沉，独立造口仰望汴京亦犹杜老之独立夔州仰望长安。抬望眼，遥望长安，境界顿时无限高远。然而，可惜有无数青山重重遮拦，望不见也，境界遂一变而为具有封闭式之意味，顿挫极有力。歇拍虽暗用李勉登郁孤台望阙之故事，却写出自己之满怀忠愤。
“青山遮不住，毕竟东流去。”赣江北流，此言东流，词人写胸怀，正不必拘泥。无数青山虽可遮住长安，但终究遮不住一江之水向东流。换头是写眼前景，若言有寄托，则似难以指实。若言无寄托，则遮不住与毕竟二语，又明显带有感情色彩。周济云：“借水怨山。”可谓具眼。此词句句不离山水。试体味“遮不住”三字，将青山周匝围堵之感一笔推去，“毕竟”二字更见深沉有力。返观上阕，清江水既为行人泪之象喻，则东流去之江水如有所喻，当喻祖国一方。无数青山，词人既叹其遮住长安，更道出其遮不住东流，则其所喻当指敌人。在词人潜意识中，当并指投降派。“东流去”三字尤可体味。《尚书·禹贡》云：“江汉朝宗于海。”在中国文化传统中，江河行地与日月经天同为“天行健”之体现，故“君子以自强不息”（《息·系辞》）。杜甫《长江二首》云：“朝宗人共挹，盗贼尔谁尊？”“浩浩终不息，乃知东极临。众流归海意，万国奉君心。”故必言寄托，则换头托意，当以江水东流喻正义所向也。然而时局并不乐观，词人心情并不轻松。“江晚正愁余，山深闻鹧鸪。”词情词境又作一大顿挫。江晚山深，此一暮色苍茫又具封闭式意味之境界，无异为词人沉郁苦闷之孤怀写照，而暗应合上阕开头之郁孤台意象。“正愁余”，语本《楚辞·九歌·湘夫人》：“目眇眇兮愁予。”楚骚哀怨要眇之色调，愈添意境沉郁凄迷之氛围。更哪堪闻乱山深处鹧鸪声声：“行不得也哥哥”。《禽经》张华注：“鹧鸪飞必南向，其志怀南，不徂北也。”白居易《山鹧鸪》：“啼到晓，唯能愁北人，南人惯闻如不闻。”鹧鸪声声，是呼唤词人莫忘南归之怀抱，还是勾起其志业未就之忠愤，或如山那畔中原父老同胞之哀告，实难作一指实。但结笔写出一怀愁苦则可断言。而此一怀愁苦，实朝廷一味妥协，中原久未光复有以致之，亦可断言。
此词抒发对建炎年间国事艰危之沉痛追怀，对靖康以来失去国土之深情萦念，故此一习用已久隐写儿女柔情之小令，竟为南宋爱国精神深沉凝聚之绝唱。词中运用比兴手法，以眼前景道心上事，达到比兴传统意内言外之极高境界。其眼前景不过是清江水、无数山，心上事则包举家国之悲今昔之感种种意念，而一并托诸眼前景写出。显有寄托，又难以一一指实。但其主要寓托则可体认，其一怀襟抱亦可领会。此种以全幅意境寓写整个襟抱、运用比兴寄托又未必一一指实之艺术造诣，实为中国美学理想之一体现。全词一片神行又潜气内转，兼有神理高绝与沉郁顿挫之美，在词史上完全可与李太白同调词相媲美。
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辛弃疾《
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西江月 遣兴》
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吴文英《
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八声甘州·灵岩陪庾幕诸公游》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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黄溍
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南陌东阡草色齐，愔愔门巷客来稀。
受风燕子轻相逐，著雨杨花湿更飞。
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次韵王鸥盟秋日郊居即事
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宋代：
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杨冠卿
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松菊依然绕旧庐，西风归兴动鲈鱼。
归来有酒辄成醉，旋摘秋园雨后蔬。
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挽京口使君丰郎中十首
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宋代：
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刘宰
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妙年意气已横秋，不为身谋为国谋。
斥去佞臣谈笑里，英名高压汉朱存。
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句 其三
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宋代：
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吕大防
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树向仙山老，枝经汉水燔。
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故刑部尚书万安刘公夫人哀挽 其六
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明代：
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程敏政
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落日秋山起白云，森森松桧拥高坟。贤名百世应难灭，中有天家谕祭文。
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挽姚循州
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宋代：
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刘克庄
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太息龙川守，专城美绩传。
方闻歌叔度，俄有谤文渊。