昭君怨·赋松上鸥
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宋代]：杨万里
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晚饮诚斋，忽有一鸥来泊松上，已而复去，感而赋之。
偶听松梢扑鹿，知是沙鸥来宿。稚子莫喧哗，恐惊他。
俄(é)倾忽然飞去，飞去不知何处？我已乞归休，报沙鸥。
昭君怨·赋松上鸥译文及注释
译文
偶尔听到窗外松树上拍打翅膀扑扑鹿鹿的声音，知道沙鸥在夜宿，十分惊喜。小孩子声音小一些，别惊动了鸥鸟。
不一会儿工夫，沙鸥突然振翅远飞，不知道它落到何处去了。告诉沙鸥，我已经向朝廷提出请求，要辞官归隐了。
注释
昭君怨：词牌名，又名《宴西园》、《一痕沙》。四十字，全阕四换韵，两仄两平递转，上下片同。
诚斋：杨万里书房的名字。
已而：后来。
扑鹿：状声音。张志和《渔父》：“惊起鸳鸯扑鹿飞。”
稚子：幼子；小孩。
喧哗：声音大而杂乱。
俄倾：片刻；一会儿。
归休：辞官退休；归隐。
报沙鸥：沙鸥，栖息于沙滩、沙洲上的鸥鸟。《文选》卷三十一江淹《杂体诗》“拟张绰”，李善注引《庄子》：“海上有人好鸥鸟者，旦而之海上，从鸥鸟游，鸥鸟至者百数。其父曰：‘吾闻鸥从汝游，试取来，吾从玩之。’曰：’诺。‘明旦之海上，鸥鸟舞而不下。“今本无之。《列子·黄帝篇》略同。人无机心，能感动异类，称”鸥鸟忘机“本此。这里意谓自己志在隐居，约沙鸥为伴，今即将实行，故告知它。曹松《赠方干》二之二：”他时莫为三征起，门外沙鸥解笑君。“本词似用此意。黄庭坚《登快阁》：”万里归船弄长笛，此心吾与白鸥盟。“
参考资料：
1、俞平伯 ．《唐宋词选释》 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1979年10月第一版 ：第186页 ．
2、史杰鹏 ．《宋词三百首正宗》 ． 北京 ： 华夏出版社 ， 2014.3 ：299-300 ．
昭君怨·赋松上鸥创作背景
本词是杨万里辞官归隐家乡江西吉水时的作品，题目《赋松上鸥》说明，这是一首咏物词。小序交代了鸥来复去的时间、地点和经过，“感而赋之”一句，则说明写作动机。
参考资料：
1、俞平伯 ．《唐宋词选释》 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1979年10月第一版 ：第186页 ．
2、史杰鹏 ．《宋词三百首正宗》 ． 北京 ： 华夏出版社 ， 2014.3 ：299-300 ．
昭君怨·赋松上鸥鉴赏
俄倾忽然飞去，飞去不知何处？我已乞归休，报沙鸥。
上片写作者静坐书室，意外地听窗外松树上有沙鸥前来投宿，十分惊喜。“偶听松梢扑鹿”，“偶”字意即偶然地，或者说是意料之外地，“扑鹿”是象声词。首句说，他偶然听到门前松树梢上有飞鸟拍打翅膀的“扑鹿”声，凭着生活经验，他“知是沙鸥来宿”。首二句无丝毫的渲染与夸饰，似乎是简单地平铺直叙，但只要稍稍揣摩，便不难发现，这十二个字既写出了环境的寂静，又写出了树上鸥鸟的活动，从字面看，人未见形，鸥未露体，而在读者的意念中，却分明“看”到作者凝神谛听的神态，“听”到沙鸥抖动翅膀的扑扑鹿鹿的声音，这足以说明，这两句近似口语的话，并非随意信手写来，而是经过认真推敲锤炼而得，因此颇为传神。
“稚子莫喧哗，恐惊他。”沙鸥前来投宿，作者无限欣喜，他小心翼翼地向正在玩耍的孩子们示意，告诫他们不要吵闹，恐怕惊吓了鸥鸟。这两句于字里行间透露出作者对沙鸥这种鸟儿非常喜欢，同时表现了作者对生活的热爱，而且增加了本词的生活气息。“莫”字和“恐”字表达出作者对沙鸥由衷的喜爱。
下片写鸥鸟远飞，词人不免怅然若有失，进而将鸥鸟人格化，与之沟通思想，借以抒发心志。“俄顷忽然飞去，飞去不知何处？”作者正因为沙鸥落在“诚斋”门前松树上高兴，转瞬间沙鸥忽然振翅远飞，作者深感失望，先前的激情顿时冷落下来。“不知何处”说明作者对鸥鸟十分记挂，面对一片空虚的茫茫夜空，他万分焦虑，却又无可如何。两句中“飞去”二字重复使用，这种手法在现代修辞学上称为“顶真”，因为用得恰切自然，所以读起来丝毫没有重复的感觉。
“我已乞归休，报沙鸥。”结尾两句，作者和盘托出心志，把自己辞官归隐的事告诉沙鸥，表述了他期望求得沙鸥“理解”的心情。据《宋史》记载，杨万里长期被贬，愤而辞官家居，临终前曾有“韩佗胄奸臣，专权无上，动兵残民，谋危社稷。吾头颅如许，报国无路，惟有孤愤！”的话，说明他因为报国无门，又不被人理解，忧愤至死。本词把沙鸥视为“知己”，寄托自己的感情，其意也在于排解内心的苦闷。
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周邦彦《
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苏幕遮·燎沉香》
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周邦彦《
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苏幕遮·燎沉香》
杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里，字廷秀，号诚斋，男，汉族。吉州吉水（今江西省吉水县）人。南宋杰出诗人，与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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唐代：
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