卜算子·兰
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宋代]：曹组
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松竹翠萝寒，迟日江山暮。幽径无人独自芳，此恨凭谁诉。似共梅花语。尚有寻芳侣。着意闻时不肯香，香在无心处。
卜算子·兰译文及注释
译文
春天的傍晚，山中的松竹和翠萝笼罩在阵阵寒气之中；幽静的小路边，兰花独自开放，没人欣赏，它能向谁诉说它怨恨呢？这脉脉的幽兰似乎只有梅花才可以共语，但在寂寞的深山中，也许还有探寻幽芳的素心人吧！特意来闻兰花的香味时，花并不香；只有在不经意中，才能闻到花的芳香。
注释
见《阳春白雪》卷四。又见辛弃疾《稼轩词》丁集，而文字稍异。
杜甫《绝句二首》之一：“迟日江山丽，春风花草香。”
《荀子·宥坐》：“且夫芷兰生于深林，非以无人而不芳。”《淮南子·说山训》：“兰生幽谷，不为莫服而不芳。”
梅花虽亦高品，它尚有寻芳的伴侣，反衬兰花的寂寞。杜甫《舍弟观赴蓝田取妻子到江陵喜寄三首》之三：“巡檐索共梅花笑。”
这两句形容梅花香味，极工，亦补足上文“非以无人而不芳”意。
卜算子·兰鉴赏
此为咏空谷幽兰之词。全词咏幽兰，多以淡墨渲染，结句稍加勾勒，托花言志。
上片起首一句写兰花幽处深谷，与松竹翠萝为伴，先从境地之清幽着笔。句意化用杜甫《佳人》诗：“绝代有佳人，幽居空谷”、“侍婢卖珠回，牵萝补茅屋”、“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹”等语，借人喻花，不即不离。“迟日江山暮”，紧承上句，从时间着笔，和煦的春日黄昏，幽兰的倩影更见得淡雅清绝。迟日，指和煦的春日。《诗·豳风·七月》：“春日迟迟。”幽兰于春天吐芳，故以“迟日”暗点节候。
此句用杜甫《绝句二首》之一“迟日江山丽”，但易“丽”为“暮”，即化艳阳明丽之景为苍茫淡远之意，令人想见空山暮霭中的幽兰情韵。这两句均点化老杜诗意，而浑然天成，语如己出，分别从时地两方面为空谷幽兰烘染出一种特定的氛围。
三、四两句首一“芳”字，先为兰花淡描一笔，然而“幽径无人”，兰花的芳馨无人领略，其芳心幽恨之欲诉无由亦可想而知。这两句既有孤芳自赏、顾影自怜的意味，也透露出知音难觅的惆怅。这里是作者借花寓意，抒写志节坚芳而寂寞无闻的才人怀抱。
过片“似共梅花语，尚有寻芳侣”说的是既然无人欣赏芳馨，这脉脉的幽兰似乎只有梅花才堪共语了，但寂寞的深山中，也许还有探寻幽芳的素心人吧？与梅花共语，是抒其高洁之怀。古人称松、竹、梅为“岁寒三友”，以喻坚贞高洁的节操。此词开头写“松竹翠萝寒”，已拈出松、竹，这里又写与梅花共语，正以“岁寒三友”来映衬幽兰坚芳之操。然而作者又复寄意于人间的“寻芳侣”，这也是古代士人夫知识分子渴望得到甄拔而见用于时的心声。“着意闻时不肯香，香无心处”，是全词的警句，写出幽兰之所以为幽兰的特色，其幽香可以为人无心领略，却不可有意强求。
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曹组简介
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