昭君怨·牡丹
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宋代]：刘克庄
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曾看洛阳旧谱，只许姚黄独步。若比广陵花，太亏他。
旧日王侯园圃，今日荆榛狐兔。君莫说中州，怕花愁。
昭君怨·牡丹译文及注释
译文
在欧阳修的《洛阳牡丹记》中，我曾经见到过你。文章中说只有洛阳的姚黄才是独步天下的名花。（现在）与芍药和琼花相比，真是亏待了你。
昔日你生长在花圃中，王侯将相争相观赏，如今花圃荆棘丛生，你与狐兔相伴。请不要说起中州的惨境，恐怕花也要哀愁。
注释
昭君怨：词牌名，又名《宴西园》《一痕沙》。四十字，全阕四换韵，两仄两平递转，上下片同。
洛阳旧谱：古代洛阳盛产牡丹，故“洛阳旧谱”指牡丹谱之类的书。
姚黄：牡丹珍贵品种之一，被誉为花王，北宋时十分名贵。欧阳修《洛阳牡丹记·风俗记第三》记载道：“姚黄者，千叶黄花，出于民姚氏家。”又云：“魏家花者，千叶肉红花，出于魏相仁溥家。”
广陵花：指芍药和琼花。广陵：地名，在今扬州，古时以产芍药闻名。
亏：委屈。
旧日王侯园圃（pǔ），今日荆榛（zhēn）狐兔：旧时王侯的园圃长满了荆榛，狐狸、兔子乱窜。荆榛：荆棘；狐兔：暗喻敌兵。
中州：以洛阳为中心的中原地带，时在金人占领之下。
参考资料：
1、李晓丽编著．国人必读宋词手册：上海科学技术文献出版社，2012.03：第317页
2、杜茂功选注；王文超总编；王德俊副总编,．九都洛阳历史文化丛书 九都诗韵：中国科学文化出版社，2001.10：第346页
3、《线装经典》编委会编．宋词鉴赏辞典：云南教育出版社，2010.01：第304页
昭君怨·牡丹创作背景
北宋末年，徽钦二帝被虏北行，诸后妃相随，沦落金邦。南宋爱国诗人念及此辱，无不愤慨感伤，生活在南宋末年的词人，痛感朝廷腐败，国势衰颓，报国无门，故托牡丹以发愤，写下这首词，抒其黍离之哀。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第1906页
昭君怨·牡丹鉴赏
大多数词人写牡丹，多赞其雍容华贵，国色天香，充满富贵气象。总之大都着重于一个喜字，而词人独辟蹊径，写牡丹的不幸命运，发之所未发，从而寄托词人忧国伤时之情。
上片首二句“曾看洛阳旧谱，只许姚黄独步”写牡丹的身世。姚黄魏紫在当时是牡丹中的名贵品种，这里单举姚黄，是以姚黄代名贵牡丹花种。“独步”二字，准确、简洁地说出这些牡丹的美丽和名贵。三、四句转写目前。芍药、琼花和牡丹都是天下名花，前二者虽经战火摧残，但仍近朝廷，常为词人咏歌。而牡丹命运独苦，沦落于敌人的铁蹄下，犹如昭君，成为朝廷孱弱的的牺牲品。这是对牡丹的同情，也是对朝廷当政者的怨愤。
下片“旧日王侯园圃，今日荆榛狐兔”描绘了国破家亡后中州的惨象，同时也形象地表明了牡丹的处境。盛世繁华时姚黄魏紫，倾国倾城；山河破碎中的一片焦土，牡丹也就只剩下与荒烟衰草，荆榛狐兔相伴的命运了。词人的忧国之心，离黍之哀，也通过这些形象的描写，得到充分的表现。文字极为精炼，含义极为丰富。“君莫说中州，怕花愁”蕴含着词人极为复杂而深沉的感情。怕人说中州的惨境，并非怯懦，而是更翻进一层，说明爱中州之深，言明光复中州之心的迫切，也说明未能渡江驱敌的愤恨心情。在堂堂男子汉空怀壮志、报国无门的南宋末年，词人那种不平静的心潮是不言而喻的。结句“怕花愁”，实则是自己愁不堪忍。而词人采用曲折写法，不仅能表现出惜花的深厚情意，而且也能引读者进入境界，仿佛与牡丹相对，见其愁态，而不能无动于衷。
全词构思精妙，对比鲜明，感情深沉，达意委婉。虽是一首小词，却做到叙事、议论、抒情相结合，并且结构严谨，层层相扣。借咏牡丹而生发出一个富有积极意义的主题来，是与词人的一腔爱国热情紧紧相连的。感时伤世，寄情于花，充分表现了对国家人民命运的时刻关注。
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程垓《
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酷相思·月挂霜林寒欲坠》
刘克庄简介
唐代·刘克庄的简介
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刘克庄(1187～1269) 南宋诗人、词人、诗论家。字潜夫，号后村。福建莆田人。宋末文坛领袖，辛派词人的重要代表，词风豪迈慷慨。在江湖诗人中年寿最长，官位最高，成就也最大。晚年致力于辞赋创作，提出了许多革新理论。
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