望江南·燕塞雪
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]：华清淑
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燕塞雪，片片大如拳。蓟上酒楼喧鼓吹，帝城车马走骈阗。羁馆独凄然。
燕塞月，缺了又还圆。万里妾心愁更苦，十春和泪看婵娟。何日是归年。
望江南·燕塞雪鉴赏
这是一首悲愤的思乡小令。1276年（宋恭帝德祐二年），元军统帅伯颜攻陷临安，恭帝及谢太后、全后等献玺表投降，伯颜将帝、后、一些大臣及GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人乐师等挟持至元都燕京（今北京），GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人华清淑和乐师汪元量等皆在被俘之列。十多年后，汪元量请为黄冠，获准南归，原宋人被羁留者多有送别之作。《全宋词》中收有金德淑、连妙淑、黄静淑、陶明淑、柳华淑、杨慧淑、华清淑、梅顺淑、吴昭淑、周容淑、吴淑真等十一位宋旧GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人“赠汪水云南还词”（汪元量号水云）各一首，除吴淑真用《霜天晓角》词牌外，其余十人所作，均调寄《望江南》。十一首GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人词中，华词颇有特色。
“燕塞雪，片片大如拳。”上片开首，推出一场燕塞大雪，一股寒气逼人而来。唐人李白“燕山雪花大如席”的名句，是典型的艺术夸张，而“大如拳”则颇近实情。在这天寒地冻、大雪纷飞之时，元都燕京的街道上却热闹非常：“蓟上酒楼喧鼓吹，帝城车马走骈阗。”蒙古贵族们为他们扫荡江南、灭宋建元的功业而狂欢。“蓟上”和“帝城”都指元都燕京。“骈阗”者，连属不断、络绎不绝之状。酒楼上喧呼鼓吹，大道上车水马龙，雪中的燕京，似乎是一片欢腾景象。然而，作为亡国被掳、离乡作囚的宋旧GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人华清淑，却完全是另外一种心境：“羁馆独凄然。”她独坐在被羁留的馆舍中，面对着燕山大雪，不禁想起江南春景；眼看着敌人的狂欢，不禁想起当年沦陷的临安。她思念故国，痛忆家园，满腹悲愤，凄然伤神。
下片转而说“月”：“燕塞月，缺了又还圆。”她被囚敌都，身心受到极大摧残，经常彻夜难眠，仰望明月。这燕塞之月，也并不异于南国，一样是圆了又缺、缺了又圆。明月古今不变，处处都是一样，缺了总有圆的时候，然后作者由月而想到自身：“妾心万里愁更苦，十春和泪看婵娟。”我离家万里，远置燕塞，心头终日只有愁又苦、苦又愁，十多年来，总是含着眼泪，仰望那缺了又圆的明月。“十年”是约略之词，作者赋此词时，离家已有十多年了。“婵娟”指美好的明月。最后一句，作者以沉痛和急切的心情，点出了全令的主旨，道出了十多年来日日夜夜梦想着而又难以实现的愿望：“何日是归年？”思乡念归的浓烈感情喷涌而出，小令也以此而结拍。
这首小令上下两片各以“雪”、“月”起兴，既富北国特色，又合作者心境。上片以敌人的狂欢衬托作者凄苦之情，下片以月缺复圆衬托人的久羁不归。感情深沉，语言通俗晓畅。
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欧阳修《
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玉楼春·别后不知君远近》
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陈与义《
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虞美人·扁舟三日秋塘路》
华清淑简介
唐代·华清淑的简介
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猜你喜欢
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胭脂梅 其一
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明代：
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龚敩
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不著京尘染素衣，赏心还自爱芳菲。晚来东阁无诗兴，带得红妆马上归。
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次韵何廉昉太守感怀述事十六首
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清代：
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曾国藩
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猴鹤沙虫道并消，谁分粪壤与芳椒？昨来皖水三河变，堪痛阿房一炬焦。
勾践池边醪易醉，田横墓上酒难浇。
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中书侍郎傅公挽词 其二
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宋代：
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范祖禹
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洛社瞻贤躅，书筵继老成。声容陪夙昔，论议想平生。
节与盘山峻，名随沇水清。草堂空旧隐，松月为谁明。
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摘星岭
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宋代：
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洪适
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披山凿道何崄巇，上摘星汉摩虹霓。七襄终日往曾问，一握去天今可跻。
叱驭已排萝蔓去，下车不复烟云迷。举头此际长安远，愿借六翮凌丹梯。
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和竹溪三诗·昌黎与孟简尚书书
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宋代：
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刘克庄
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纷纷儒墨互攻排，此事吾尝体认来。
一向嵩山面空壁，一于骊岫拨残灰。
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朝谒长陵同宋望之侍御作
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：
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胡直
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长陵丹阙倚苍葱，万柏分行辇路通。山出恒宗来王气，水连瀛海扈灵宫。
瑶阶羽卫晴天外，玉殿罘罳宿雾中。却看群峰如跃马，还疑万骑猎秋风。