虞美人·扁舟三日秋塘路
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宋代]：陈与义
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余甲寅岁自春官出守湖州。秋杪，道中荷花无复存者。乙卯岁，自琐闼以病得请奉祠，卜居青墩镇。立秋后三日行。舟之前后如朝霞相映，望之不断也。以长短句记之。
扁舟三日秋塘路，平度荷花去。病夫因病得来游，更值满川微雨洗新秋。
去年长恨拏舟晚，空见残荷满。今年何以报君恩，一路繁花相送过青墩。
虞美人·扁舟三日秋塘路译文及注释
译文
我曾在绍兴四年（1134）出守湖州时路过这里，时已秋深，道中荷花已一朵不存。到次年乙卯重来，是立秋后三日，只见满湖荷花盛开，舟前舟后，有如朝霞相映，一望无垠，遂记之以词。
划着小舟在荷塘上行驶了三天，小舟在水面上平稳地行进着，两岸的荷花纷纷向后退去。我因为托病假才有机会来此一游，又恰好遇上满川雨后新秋的美丽景色。
后悔去年乘船时候太晚，只见得满塘残败的荷花。今年我拿什么来报君的恩情。只好乘船相送，一路繁花到青墩。
注释
甲寅（yín）岁：即宋高宗绍兴四年（1134）。
春官：即礼部侍郎。
出守：出任太守。
湖（hú）州：今浙江省湖州市。
秋杪（miǎo）：秋末。
无复存：意谓全部凋萎。
乙卯（mǎo）岁：指宋高宗绍兴五年（1135）。
琐闼（suǒ tà）：指宫殿门上镂刻的连琐图，这里代指宫门。
奉祠（cí）：宋代设祠禄之官，有宫观使、提举宫观、提点宫观等职。多以宰相执政兼领，以示优礼。老病废职之官，亦往往使任宫观职，俾食其禄。以宫观使等职，原主祭祀，因亦称为奉祠。
卜（bǔ）居：用占卜选择定居之地。后泛指择地定居。
青墩（dūn）镇：湖州南边的一座小镇。在桐乡县北二十五里，与湖州乌镇一水相隔。
朝霞相映（yìng）：形容荷花盛开色泽鲜艳。
扁（piān）舟：小舟。
秋塘（táng）：指荷塘。
平度：船在水面平稳行驶。
病夫：词人自指。
更值：又遇上的意思。
洗新秋：形容雨后天空明净，犹如用水洗过一般。
拏（ná）舟：谓牵舟，这里指乘船。
参考资料：
1、江天．中国才子文化集成 第2卷 唐诗、宋词：新世界出版社，1998年：604-605页
2、雨后微香．可惜风流总闲却：宋代词人的悲欢往事：京华出版社，2009年：172页
虞美人·扁舟三日秋塘路创作背景
宋高宗绍兴五年（1135）六月，词人托病辞职，以显谟阁直学士提举江州太平观，实际上是领俸禄闲居，卜居青墩，立秋后三日出发。这首词可能是词人作于船上或者到青墩不久的日子里。
参考资料：
1、江天．中国才子文化集成 第2卷 唐诗、宋词：新世界出版社，1998年：604-605页
虞美人·扁舟三日秋塘路鉴赏
词的上阕，以轻松的笔触捕绘了清新的景致，彰显出词人无官一身轻的潇洒自在。”扁舟三日秋塘路，平度荷花去”两句中，“三日”是写实，从临安到青墩，水路约需三日行程；“秋塘”点明季节和时间，用语精练而又准确；“平度”二字，写出了舟行的平稳，反映了词人心情的恬适。“病夫因病得来游，更值满川微雨洗新秋”两句中，“病夫因病”，词人自称“病夫”，其实不过是“引疾”，不是真正有病。所谓“因病得来游”。也是一种因祸得福的遁词。表面上像是暗自庆幸，实际上是聊以白嘲，内心当藏有难言的痛苦。语言直而能纡，质而见巧，从而刻画了词人内心痛苦而外貌旷达的自我形象。
词的下阙“去年长恨拿舟晚，空见残荷满”两句，使词人的思绪从眼前转移到了过去，与上阕形成了鲜明的对比。一个“空”字与前面的“长恨”相呼应，表达了无限怅憾的心情。从词情发展上来说，是一跌。“今年何以报君恩，一路繁花相送过青墩”二句，词笔又拉回来写乙卯岁奔赴青墩的情景，径承上阕意脉，抒发此时感慨。从词情来说是一扬。在这一跌一扬之中，词人的喜与恨种种感情变化，内心矛盾，便曲曲传出，沁人心脾。
全词在艺术结构上匀整对称，浓淡相宜，情景事浑然一体。行文意境清旷，抑扬跌宕，情寓景中，颇耐寻味。在虚虚实实中刻画了词人乐观旷达的自我形象。
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陈与义简介
唐代·陈与义的简介
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陈与义(1090-1138)，字去非，号简斋，汉族，其先祖居京兆，自曾祖陈希亮迁居洛阳，故为宋代河南洛阳人（现在属河南）。他生于宋哲宗元祐五年(1090年)，卒于南宋宋高宗绍兴八年(1138年)。北宋末，南宋初年的杰出诗人，同时也工于填词。其词存于今者虽仅十余首，却别具风格，尤近于苏东坡，语意超绝，笔力横空，疏朗明快，自然浑成，著有《简斋集》。
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