望江南·幽州九日
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宋代]：汪元量
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官舍悄，坐到月西斜。永夜角声悲自语，客心愁破正思家。南北各天涯。
肠断裂，搔首一长嗟。绮席象床寒玉枕，美人何处醉黄花。和泪捻琵琶。
望江南·幽州九日译文及注释
译文
官方馆舍里十分静悄，夜晚难眠一直坐到明月西斜。漫漫长夜里阵阵角声，凄厉悲凉好像是在自语；这亡国被俘的幽囚之客，愁破了心胆正在日夜思家。可是南方北方各自是天涯。
愁苦的肝肠断裂，心中烦乱不禁搔首一声长叹。想那旧日宫殿里绮丽的席子、象牙床和碧玉枕，君王九九重阳何处与臣下醉饮黄花下。只好和着泪水弹琵琶。
注释
望江南：词牌名，此体双调五十四字，上下片各五句、三平韵。
幽州：古九州之一，辖境在今河北、辽宁一带。这里是指元大都燕京（今北京市）。九日：重阳节，中国传统节日。
官舍：官方的馆舍。作者初到燕京时，被拘留于会同馆内。
月西斜：指拂晓时分月将落。
永夜：长夜。角声：军中号角声。
搔首：用手挠头。嗟（jiē）：叹息。
绮（qǐ）席：华丽的卧具。象床：镶有象牙的床，床的美称。寒玉枕：用碧玉做的枕头。
黄花：指菊花。
捻（niǎn）：弹奏琵琶的一种指法。
参考资料：
1、姚小鸥．宋代名家词选：海南出版社，1994：910-911
2、喻朝刚．宋词观止：大众文艺出版社，2009：1626
3、萧枫．唐诗宋词全集 第16卷：西安出版社，2000：304-305
4、李星．唐宋词三百首译析：北方妇女儿童出版社，1997：548
望江南·幽州九日创作背景
宋恭帝德祐二年（1276）正月，元军进逼临安城下，谢太后奉表献国。元军掳少帝、全太后及嫔妃、宫人以下百余人北迁。作为宫廷乐师的汪元量，则随有病在身的谢太后，于同年秋俘抵大都，也就是词题中的“幽州”。此词当作于北行大都期间的某个重阳日。
参考资料：
1、陈绪万．唐宋元小令鉴赏辞典：华岳文艺出版社，1990：672-674
望江南·幽州九日鉴赏
每逢重阳节，人们都要怀念远出在外的游子，异地做客的游子也思念家乡的父老兄弟。中国古代诗人也屡屡在诗中表达重阳节思亲的情怀。如杜甫《九日》：“重阳独酌杯中酒，抱病起登江上台。”王维的《九月九日忆山东兄弟》也是脍炙人口之作。而汪元量由重阳节感发的就不仅仅是对故乡亲人的怀念，更为深情的，是对故国的无限眷恋。
小令分上下片。上片主要是对思念故国的情绪和气氛的渲染。开头：“官舍悄，坐到月西斜。”夜深人静，万籁俱寂，而作者心绪如麻，不能成寐，面对一弯明月沉思默想，一直到月沉西山。“举头望明月，低头思故乡”（李白《静夜思》），汪元量举头望月的所思所想就不仅仅是故乡，而要广泛、深沉得多。“永夜角声悲自语，客心愁破正思家”。这两句紧承上面，进一步表达一种悲痛的情怀。长夜漫漫，角声时起，给人一种绝域苍茫的肃杀气氛，在这阴森恐怖的陌生之地，作者只有悲愤地喃喃自语，聊以排遣内心的痛苦于万一。这种悲痛的来源就是对“家”的无限思念。这个“家”主要是指已经沦丧于蒙古铁蹄之下的南宋王朝，一个大“家”，当然其中也包含有自己的小“家”。“南北各天涯”。从南宋临安到元大都，重山叠水，遥距数千里，真可谓天各一方。即作者对故国、对家乡的怀念，正是在这样的近乎绝望的境地中，才显得更加悲壮，更加沉重。
词入下片，作者对故国、对家乡的思念，由抽象的情绪变为具象的行为。“肠断裂，搔首一长嗟。”作者虽有回天之愿，却无回天之力。作者思念国家、以至肝肠寸断，却只能以搔首长叹作结。“白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪”（杜甫《春望》），这只是一种忧心如焚而又无可奈何的举动。“绮席象床寒玉枕，美人何处醉黄花。”这两句涉及到了作者思家的具体内容。作者想到，往年南宋宫中那些拥金枕玉的美女们，在重阳节总是开怀畅饮，醉赏菊花，尽情欢笑。而今国破家亡，她们就不能象往年那样了。即使她们陪着征服者饮酒赏花，强颜欢笑，但由于物是人非，她们的心情也一定是十分痛苦的。末句“和泪捻琵琶”再次把内在感情化为具体行动。悲愤交集，热泪长流，但又不能跃马扬鞭，奋战沙场，只能捻动琵琶。弹上一曲曲悲歌。在这如泣如诉的琵琶曲中，会有多少作者不敢或不能用语言表达的情感。
后人在评价汪元量的诗词时说：“唐之事记于草堂，后以‘诗史’目之，水云之诗，亦宋亡之诗史也，其诗亦鼓吹草堂者也。其愁思壹郁，又可复伸，则又有甚于草堂者也。”（李珏《书汪水云诗后》）确实，汪元量诗词中对国破家亡的沉痛感，比之杜甫有过之而无不及，这是因为，南宋灭亡这段历史，比起安史之乱来更为沉痛。
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李清照《
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点绛唇·闺思》
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吴融《
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华清宫二首》
汪元量简介
唐代·汪元量的简介
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汪元量（1241～1317年后）南宋末诗人、词人、宫廷琴师。字大有，号水云，亦自号水云子、楚狂、江南倦客，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。琳第三子。度宗时以善琴供奉宫掖。恭宗德祐二年（1276）临安陷，随三宫入燕。尝谒文天祥于狱中。元世祖至元二十五年（1288）出家为道士，获南归，次年抵钱塘。后往来江西、湖北、四川等地，终老湖山。诗多纪国亡前后事，时人比之杜甫，有“诗史”之目，有《水云集》、《湖山类稿》。
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唐代：
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张祜
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一室炉峰下，荒榛手自开。粉牌新薤叶，竹援小葱台。
树黑云归去，山明日上来。便知心是佛，坚坐对寒灰。