宫怨
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唐代]：司马扎
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年年花落无人见，空逐春泉出御沟。
宫怨鉴赏
这首诗题为“宫怨”，却没有出现宫女的形象，而是运用象征手法，通过宫苑景物和环境气氛的描写，烘托、暗示出宫女的愁怨之情。
头两句抓住深宫寂寥、令人厌倦的特点，着眼于“柳色”和“莺啼”，描绘柳掩画楼、莺啼晓日，表现出“深锁春光一院愁”（刘禹锡《春词》）的情境。“柳色参差”，用语精炼，不仅写出宫柳的柔条长短参差，而且表现出它在晨曦中的颜色明暗、深浅不一。“掩画楼”，则写出宫柳枝叶繁茂、树荫浓密。宫苑中绿荫画楼，莺声宛啭，本是一派明媚春光。但失去自由、失去爱情的宫女，对此却别有一种感受。清晨，柳荫中传来一声声莺啼，反引起宫女们心中无穷愁绪，整个宫苑充满了凄凉悲愁的气氛。暮春柳色掩映画楼，透露出春愁锁闭、美人迟暮之感。
后两句写落花，以宫花零落、随水流逝的景象，宫花非不美，但年年自开自落，无人观赏，无声无息地凋零，飘入御沟随流水逝去。在宫女看来，自己的命运与这落花又何其相似！“无人见”，写出宫女被幽禁之苦：“逐春泉”，喻韶光的流逝。前面着一“空”字，表达了宫女的幽禁生活中白白消磨青春的哀怨之情。正如明代唐汝询《唐诗解》所说：“因想已容色凋谢而人莫知，正如花之湮灭沟中耳！”
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顾况《
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宫词五首·其二》
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王昌龄《
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西宫春怨》
司马扎简介
唐代·司马扎的简介
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司马扎，生卒年里贯均未详，唐宣宗大中（847~858）前后在世。曾登进士第，有诗名，与储嗣宗友善。著有《司马先辈集》，《全唐诗》。
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