杜工部蜀中离席
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唐代]：李商隐
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人生何处不离群？世路干戈惜暂分。
雪岭未归天外使，松州犹驻殿前军。
座中醉客延醒客，江上晴云杂雨云。
美酒成都堪送老，当垆仍是卓文君。
杜工部蜀中离席译文及注释
译文
人生在世，哪里没有与朋友的离别？在战乱年代，短暂的分离也让人依依惜别。
远处雪岭那边朝廷的使臣还稽留天外未归，近处松州一带也还驻扎着朝廷的军队。
座中的醉客们邀请我这清醒的人喝酒，而江水上空明亮的云夹杂着浓黑的雨云，变幻不定，就像现今的社会局势动荡不安。
已经老大无成了，在这成都里面的美酒还真可以用来度过晚年，更何况有像卓文君这样的美女当垆卖酒。
注释
杜工部：即杜甫。因杜甫被授有检校工部员外郎官衔，因此人称杜工部。这里表明是模仿杜诗风格，因而以“蜀中离席”为题。
离群：分别。《礼记·檀弓》：“吾离群而索居，亦已久矣。”
雪岭：即大雪山，一名蓬婆山，主峰名贡嘎山，在今四川西部康定县境内，其支脉绵延于四川西部，被称为大雪山脉。唐时为唐与吐蕃边境。杜甫《岁暮》：“烟尘犯雪岭，鼓角动江城。”又《严公厅宴同咏蜀道画图得空字》：“剑阁星桥北，松州雪岭东。”
天外使：唐朝往来吐蕃的使者。
松州：唐设松州都督府，属剑南道，治下所辖地面颇广，治所在今四川省阿坝藏族自治州内。因西邻吐蕃国，是唐朝西南边塞，故长有军队驻守。
殿前军：本指禁卫军，此借指戍守西南边陲的唐朝军队。
延：请，劝。
醒客：指作者自己。
晴云杂雨云：明亮的晴云夹杂着雨云，这里是比喻边境军事的形势变幻不定。
送老：度过晚年。
当垆：面对酒垆，指卖酒者。
卓文君：汉代女子，因与司马相如相爱而被逐出家门，而后卓文君在临邛（qióng）亲自当垆卖酒。此处用卓文君喻指卖酒的女子。
参考资料：
1、李志敏．《唐诗名篇鉴赏 超值珍藏版》．北京市：京华出版社，2011.05：314-315
2、杨佐义．《全唐诗精选译注》．长春市：长春出版社，2000.01.：496-497
杜工部蜀中离席创作背景
宣宗大中五年（公元851年），东川节度使柳仲郢辟李商隐为节度使府书记、检校工部郎中，直到大中六年（公元852年）春天，事毕，李商隐即将返回梓州，于是在临行饯别的宴席上写了此诗。
参考资料：
1、陈永正．《古代文史名著选译·李商隐诗选译》．南京市：凤凰出版社，2011.05：111
杜工部蜀中离席鉴赏
李商隐此诗继承了杜甫诗的风格，把时事引入传统的酬赠之作，恢复并发展了杜甫七律感时伤世和忧国忧民这种诗歌风格。
诗歌一开头就是一个反诘句：这句的前半句泛言人生离别的普遍和平常，让读者在诘问中有所思考：人生有多少悲欢离合，个人的命运又是怎样身不由己。诗人虽然有着无尽的感叹，但是调子并不悲伤。细细体味，诗中还隐含着这样的意思：既然人生离别在所难免，不如以旷达处之。后半句笔锋一转，转到“世路干戈”这个大背景上，道出在干戈中离别的沉重感伤，思路跳跃奔腾，“大开大合，矫健绝伦”。如此读来，不仅曲折顿挫、气势雄放，而且自然地引出下文的伤时感世之情，可谓落笔不凡。
“雪岭未归天外使，松州犹驻殿前军”，这两句紧承上文的“世路干戈”，写出了当前的动荡局势。当时唐王朝和吐蕃、党项经常发生边境争夺战争，朝廷屡派使者处理边境事宜，局势紧张，动荡不安。然而诗人并未将剑拔弩张的战争场景白描出来，而是从侧面含蓄地指出时局的纷乱：使者久久未得回归，可见矛盾一直没有得到解决，局势非常不稳定；而边境处有大军驻扎，也足以想象局势的一触即发。这两句诗气象阔大，感慨深沉，不仅简洁醒目地勾勒出西北边境历年战乱的紧张局面，更饱含着诗人无限忧国伤时之情。
“座中醉客延醒客，江上晴云杂雨云”，这两句从时事转入眼前：宴席上，醉客不断地向醒客敬酒；远处的江面上，晴云夹杂着雨云，也不知道天气会如何。看着人们只顾互相劝酒，诗人不免感慨万端。诗人用“醉客“来指饯行席上的醉者，同时暗喻其为浑浑噩噩、不关心国事的庸碌之辈。此处是暗用了《楚辞·渔父》屈原的诗句：“举世皆浊而我独清，众人皆醉而我独醒。”此时此刻，有谁能够理解自己忧国伤乱的心情呢，这些忧虑只能自己慢慢地咀嚼了。“晴云”、“雨云”也不仅仅是指天气的变幻不定，更是比喻社会局势的动荡不安，透露出诗人的无限忧虑。该句中“醉客”对“醒客”，“晴云”对“雨云”，不仅造句工整巧妙，富有音韵之美，更是运用了一语双关的修辞手法，因此显得意义丰厚。除此以外，这还是“当句对”，即不但上下旬互相对仗，而且每句当中又自为对仗。这种手法始创于杜甫，如杜甫《闻官军收河南河北》的“即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳”。但成熟、定型却在李商隐，他的诗歌中有大量的类似之作，如“纵使有花兼有月，可堪无酒又无人”，“池光不定花光乱，日气初涵露气干”等，都用了这种手法。
“美酒成都堪送老，当垆仍是卓文君”，末联紧扣“蜀中离席”的诗题，话题仍回到饯别。有人说这是主人留客之语，如此美好的成都生活，何忍远离。但是实则“美酒”、“卓文君”这些陈述，看似宽慰或向往美好的生活，却是反衬诗人生活漂泊，家国无依的沉重心情。同时又暗指时事堪悲，一些人却沉迷于于酒色，流连忘返，着实让人不齿。从表面看是赞美，但实际上蕴含着诗人对“醉客”的婉讽。另外，在最后一句中用上卓文君这个典故，也隐约表达了诗人希望在仕途上被重用的思想感情。
全诗看来，诗歌体现了李商隐关怀国事，忧虑时局的政治热情。诗人以矫健凄婉的笔力表达了一种深沉凝重的思想。诗歌的艺术也颇显精密，世路干戈，朋友离别是总起，下面写“干戈”而感伤时势，接着写“离群”而感伤别离，结尾却因浓重的忧时情怀而超越了个人的离群之别。全诗脉络精细，变化重重，颇具韵味。这也是李商隐极意学习杜诗的地方。
王安石曾指出，唐朝人学习杜甫而真正得到杜诗神韵的就只有李商隐一人而已。李商隐在该诗中把时事之感融人酬答唱和之中，将抒情、叙事紧紧融合在一起，气势宏大，情韵深厚，笔力雄健，结构上参差错落，富于变化。诗的风格沉郁顿挫，苍劲雄迈，与杜甫晚年的七律，如《恨别》、《登楼》、《秋兴八首》等诗很相近，而与诗人描写爱情的《无题》那种隐微幽深、凄婉动情的风格大有不同。不过，李商隐此诗，并非单纯的模拟，更有自己的特色，诗歌中融入了较多的个人身世之感。其体情之入骨，用情之深挚，是他一以贯之的风格。
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于濆《
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古宴曲》
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曹植《
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妾薄命行·其二》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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畅好晴光感不胜，远游客等在家僧。生憎白发频窥镜，盼到黄昏早试镫。
久坐茶香浓似酒，苦吟诗瘦冷于冰。春来何事关情甚，两度松楸扫未曾。
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漫兴 其六
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：
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谢晋
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青葱树隐赤阑桥，浦溆人家望望遥。开过桃花春浪暖，闲看翡翠戏兰苕。
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澄台
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清代：
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张湄
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澄台上下树婆娑，满目残阳动碧波。天水无垠同一气，风帆如叶岛如螺。
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徐惟得冲漠斋又题八绝 其二 白云洞
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明代：
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胡应麟
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石洞苍茫闭水帘，碧窗云冷玉龙潜。不妨行雨邀巫峡，犹记为霖出傅岩。
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四月朔旦过黄山哭刑部百求弟道中五首
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宋代：
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陈著
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河流曲折二十里，过了黄山始直礴。
今日卸船须得早，鄮峰已在眼花中。