木兰花·乙卯吴兴寒食
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宋代]：张先
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龙头舴艋吴儿竞，笋柱秋千游女并。芳洲拾翠暮忘归，秀野踏青来不定。
行云去后遥山暝，已放笙歌池院静。中庭月色正清明，无数杨花过无影。
木兰花·乙卯吴兴寒食译文及注释
译文
吴地的青少年在江上竞赛着小龙船，游春少女们成对地荡着竹秋千。有的在水边采集花草天晚依旧留连。秀美郊野上踏青的人往来牵如蚁线。
游女们走了远山逐渐昏暗，音乐停下庭院显得寂静一片。满院子里月光清朗朗的，只有无数的柳絮飘过得无影也无羁绊。
注释
乙卯：指宋神宗熙宁八年（1075）。
吴兴：即今浙江湖州市。
寒食：即寒食节，在清明节前二日，古人常在此节日扫墓、春游。
舴艋（zé měng）：形状如蚱蜢似的小船。
吴儿：吴地的青少年。
竞：指赛龙舟。
笋柱：竹竿做的柱子。
并：并排。
拾翠：古代春游。妇女们常采集百草，叫做拾翠。
秀野：景色秀丽的郊野。
踏青：寒食、清明时出游郊野。
来不定：指往来不绝。
行云：指如云的游女。
放：停止。
中庭：庭院中。
杨花：柳絮。
参考资料：
1、马建东．《花间晚照——唐宋词品读》．兰州：甘肃教育出版社，1998：211-212
2、周笃文．《红袖添香婉约词》．石家庄：花山文艺出版社，2006：32
3、张海鸥．《唐诗宋词经典导读》．广州：中山大学出版社，2010：180
4、刘艳丽，王清淮．《国人必读古诗手册》（插图本）．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，2011：228
5、谢真元．《一生必读宋词三百首鉴赏（英汉对照）》．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2006：586
6、李树则．《唐宋词译注赏析》．香港：国际炎黄文化出版社，2002：75-76
木兰花·乙卯吴兴寒食创作背景
这首词此词作于宋神宗熙宁八年（1075），岁次乙卯，退居故乡吴兴的张先度过了他人生的第八十六个寒食节，写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、徐德琳，李红梅．《历代词选》．海口：南海出版公司，2005：70
2、江苏省政协文史委员会．《我见青山多妩媚——人与自然主题历代诗词选》．南京：江苏人民出版社，2009：304
木兰花·乙卯吴兴寒食鉴赏
上片通过一组春游嬉戏的镜头，生动地反映出古代寒食佳节的热闹场面。
“龙头舴艋吴儿竞，笋柱秋千游女并。”这里有吴地青年的龙舟竞渡的场景，有游女成双成对笑玩秋千的画面。词一开头，不但写出了人数之众多，而且渲染了气氛之热烈。欢声笑语，隐约可闻。着一“竞”字既写出了划桨人的矫健和船行的轻疾，又可以想见夹岸助兴的喧天锣鼓和争相观看的男女老少。“芳洲拾翠暮忘归，秀野踏青来不定。”这里有芳洲采花、尽兴忘归的剪影，有秀野踏青，来往不绝的景象。以上四句，句句写景，句句写人，景中有人，人为景乐。这种浓墨重彩、翠曳红摇的笔墨，平添了许多旖旎春光，洋溢着节日的欢乐气息。
“行云去后遥山暝，已放笙歌池院静。”游女散后，远山渐渐昏暗下来；音乐停止，花园显得异常幽静。前句中着一“暝”字，突出远山色彩的暗淡，衬托出游人去后、夜幕降临的情景。后句中着一“静”字，渲染出笙歌已放、池院寂寥无人的气氛。
“中庭月色正清明，无数杨花过无影。”时已深夜，万籁俱寂，院中的月色正是清新明亮的时候，无数的柳絮飘浮空中，没有留下一丝儿倩影。写杨花在月下飘浮无影，既极言其小，更极言其轻。这里写“无影”是虚，写无声是实。这种无影有静的写法，令人玩味。月色清明，两句还寓情于景，反映出作者游乐一天之后，心情恬淡而又舒畅。词人虽年事已高，但生活情趣很高，既爱游春的热闹场面，又爱月夜的幽静景色。他白昼，与乡民同乐，是一种情趣；夜晚，独坐中庭，欣赏春宵月色，又是一种情趣。
词里表现作者喜爱白天游春的热闹场面，也欣赏夜深：人散后的幽静景色。反映出作者生命的活力仍然很旺盛，生活兴趣还是很高。上片句句景中有人，富有生活情趣。下片“中庭月色正清明，无数杨花过无影”是传诵的名句，后人认为是在“三影”名句之上。
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葛洪《
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画工弃市》
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张先《
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木兰花·乙卯吴兴寒食》
张先简介
唐代·张先的简介
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张先（990－1078），字子野，乌程（今浙江湖州吴兴）人。北宋时期著名的词人，曾任安陆县的知县，因此人称“张安陆”。天圣八年进士，官至尚书都官郎中。晚年退居湖杭之间。曾与梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等游。善作慢词，与柳永齐名，造语工巧，曾因三处善用“影”字，世称张三影。
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