题扬州禅智寺
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唐代]：杜牧
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暮霭生深树，斜阳下小楼。
谁知竹西路，歌吹是扬州。
题扬州禅智寺译文及注释
译文
雨过后一只蝉在聒噪，松桂飘萧气候已交秋。
青苔长满台阶，白鸟故意迟留。
暮霭已生深树，斜阳渐下小楼。
谁知这条寂静的竹西路，通向那歌吹繁华的扬州。
注释
禅智寺：也叫上方寺、竹西寺，在扬州使节衙门东三里。史载其位于蜀冈之尾，原是隋炀帝故宫，后建为寺，居高临下，风景绝佳，是扬州胜景之一。
蝉噪：指秋蝉鸣叫。北朝梁王籍《入若耶溪》有：“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽。”
飘萧：飘摇萧瑟。
阶砌：台阶。
白鸟：指通常为白色羽毛的鸟，如鹤、鹭一类的鸟。故：故意。迟留：徘徊不愿离去。
暮霭：黄昏的云气。
竹西路：指禅智寺前官河北岸的道路。竹西，在扬州甘泉之北。后人在此筑亭，名日竹西亭，或称歌吹亭。
歌吹是扬州：典出鲍照《芜城赋》：“车挂轊，人驾肩。廛闬扑地，歌吹沸天。”芜城即扬，由此化出“歌吹是扬州”。歌吹，歌声和音乐声；吹，指吹奏乐器。
参考资料：
1、陈光．杜牧诗赏读：线装书局，2007年：19页
2、章培恒 安平秋 马樟根．杜牧诗文选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011年：48页
题扬州禅智寺创作背景
此诗作于唐文宗开成二年（837）秋。杜牧时年三十五岁，任监察御史，分司东都洛阳。杜牧的弟弟杜顗患眼疾，暗无所视，寄住在扬州城东的禅智寺。杜枚告假，从洛阳带了眼医石公集前去探视。此诗便作于此时。唐制规定： “职事官假满百日，即合停解。”杜牧这次即因告假逾百日而离职。
参考资料：
1、张梅．中国古典诗词精品赏读：五洲传播出版社，2006年：31页
题扬州禅智寺鉴赏
“雨过一蝉噪，飘萧松桂秋。”从“蝉”和“秋”这两个字来看，其时当为初秋，那时蝉噪本已嘶哑，“一蝉噪”，说明音色的凄咽；在风中摇曳的松枝、桂树也露出了萧瑟秋意。诗人在表现这一耳闻目睹的景象时，用意遣词十分精细。“蝉噪”反衬出禅智寺的静，静中见闹，闹中见静。秋雨秋风则烘托出禅智寺的冷寂。
接着，诗人又从视觉角度写静。“青苔满阶砌，白鸟故迟留。”台阶长满青苔，则行人罕至；“满”字写出了台阶上青苔之密，间接地写出了来人稀少，渲染了环境的空寂凄清。寺内白鸟徘徊，不愿离去，则又暗示寺的空寂人稀。青苔、白鸟，似乎是所见之物，信手拈来，呈现孤单冷落之感。
“暮霭生深树，斜阳下小楼。”从明暗的变化写静。禅智寺树林茂密，阳光不透，夕阳西下，暮霭顿生。于浓荫暮霭的幽暗中见静。“斜阳下小楼”，从暗中见明来反补一笔，颇得锦上添花之致。透过暮霭深树，看到一抹斜阳的余辉，反映了禅智寺冷而不寒，幽而不暗。然而，这毕竟是“斜阳”，而且是已“下小楼”的斜阳。这种反衬带来的效果却是意外的幽静，格外的冷清，分外的沉寂。
“谁知竹西路，歌吹是扬州。”运用了衬托的手法，以乐衬哀，用歌舞喧闹、市井繁华的扬州反衬出禅智寺的静寂，更突出了诗人孤独凄清和有所失落的心境。
至此，诗人通过不同的角度展示出禅智寺的幽静，似乎文章已经做完。然而，忽又别开生面，把热闹的扬州拉出来作陪衬：“谁知竹西路，歌吹是扬州。”禅智寺在扬州的东北，静坐寺中，秋风传来远处扬州的歌吹之声，诗人感慨系之：身处如此歌舞喧闹、市井繁华的扬州，却只能在静寂的禅智寺中凄凉度日，“冠盖满京华，斯人独憔悴”的伤感油然而生，不可遏止，写景中暗含着诗人身世感受、凄凉情怀。
这首诗写扬州禅智寺的静，开头用静中一动衬托，结尾用动中一静突出，一开篇，一煞尾，珠联璧合，相映成趣，艺术构思十分巧妙。
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贾岛《
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宿山寺》
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宋之问《
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灵隐寺》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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