天净沙·秋
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元代]：白朴
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天净沙·秋译文及注释
译文
太阳渐渐西沉，已衔着西山了，天边的晚霞也逐渐开始消散，只残留有几分黯淡的色彩，映照着远处安静的村庄是多么的孤寂。轻烟淡淡飘向空中，几只乌鸦栖息在佝偻的老树上，远处的一只大雁飞掠而下，划过天际。远处一片青山绿水，白草、红叶、黄花互相夹杂，好一幅色彩绚丽的秋景图啊。
注释
天净沙：曲牌名。
秋：题目。
残霞：快消散的晚霞。
寒鸦：天寒即将归林的乌鸦。
飞鸿：天空中的鸿雁。
飞鸿影下：雁影掠过。
白草：枯萎而不凋谢的白草。
黄花：菊花。
红叶：枫叶。
参考资料：
1、白朴 著 孙安邦 李亚娜 编 ．天边残照水边霞：白朴曲作精品类编：河南文艺出版社，2006：139-141
天净沙·秋创作背景
参考资料：
1、薛祥生．历代词曲赏析：明天出版社，1990：318-319
天净沙·秋鉴赏
该曲虽和马致远的《秋思》有相似处，但却又自有特点。首二句以“孤村”领起，着意渲染秋日黄昏的冷寂。“一点飞鸿”给阴冷的静态画面带来了活力，造成曲子抒发情感的转移。接着诗人用青、绿、白、红、黄五色，以远及近、由高到低、多层次多侧面立体交叉式地描绘出秋日美丽的景象，使整个画面充满了诗意。此曲极富艺术张力，一笔并写两面，成功地将秋日迟暮萧瑟之景与明朗绚丽之景融合在一起，把赏心悦目的秋景作为曲子的主旋律，不失为又一篇写秋杰作。
这首小令，只五句二十八个字，篇幅虽短，却以神来之笔捅绘出了一幅绝妙的秋景图。前三句着力渲染出一派深秋凄凉之景。黄昏时：如血的残霞映照着一座孤零零的小村庄，夕阳淡淡的炊烟袅袅，几只归巢的寒鸦，静静的站立在老树枝头，忽然，一只哀鸣的孤鸿，在人边晚霞影里远远的飞翔，而后两句，作者却将笔锋一转，写到：青山静静、绿水悠悠，白草绵绵，红叶片片，黄花朵朵，在暮色中，这些明丽的色彩，为这萧杀的气氛平添了许多生机活力。一扫前人一悲到底的俗套。
写秋景，自然难免要烘托出萧瑟的气氛，但是如果全以萧瑟气氛为全篇的写作大旨，又会令读者感受到沈闷而有压力。为了避免出现这种情况，白朴在选用语辞时，便颇费心神。白朴在写秋景选词语辞精炼。前二句的“孤村落日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦”，共用了六个图景：“孤村”、“落日”、“残霞”、“轻烟”、“老树”、“寒鸦”，而其中任何一个图景，都代表着秋日秋景的萧瑟气氛。为了要使这种萧瑟气氛活泼起来，于是作者接下来选用了“一点飞鸿影下”作为上半段的结语。如此一来，原本萧瑟的画面转成了活跃，寂寞的秋景彷佛也展现了另一种鲜活的生气。最后为了加强作者心目中秋景是美丽而有韵味的形象，因此再以“青山绿水，白草红叶黄花”作为曲文的结束语。这两句用了“青”、“绿”、“白”、“红”、“黄”五种颜色，而且“白草红叶黄花”这三种颜色，是交杂在“青山绿水”二种颜色之中；“青山绿水”是广大的图景，“白草红叶黄花”是细微的图景，如此交杂相错，于是原本是寂寞萧瑟的秋景，突然变得五颜六色而多彩多姿。由此可见，白朴的散曲写作技巧的高明了。
描绘秋景，历来是中国古代文人喜爱的一个题材，为表现它而不惜笔墨的诗人骚客代代有之，留下的作品更是多不胜举，但许多作品易于流入俗套。白朴却能根据自己的观察和体验，在作品中，层次分明的描写了秋天的自然景象，虽然，在开始时，有些许的萧瑟之意，然而后来以缤纷的色彩作结，终究是赏心悦目、的韵味无穷的。他用笔精深，作品风格独具，婉约清丽，意境新颖，可与被誉为“秋思之祖”的马志远的《天净沙·秋思》媲美。这首小令不仅不俗，还很是典雅。词、曲有雅、俗之别，一般来说，词尚妩媚、含蓄，而曲贵尖新、直率。白朴的这支小令却有词的意境。曲中虽无“断肠人在天涯”之类句子，抒情主人公却时隐时现，在烟霞朦胧之中，传达出一种“地老天荒”的寂静。
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杜牧《
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山行》
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白朴《
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天净沙·秋》
白朴简介
唐代·白朴的简介
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白朴（1226—约1306） 原名恒，字仁甫，后改名朴，字太素，号兰谷。汉族，祖籍隩州（今山西河曲附近），后徙居真定（今河北正定县），晚岁寓居金陵（今南京市），终身未仕。他是元代著名的文学家、曲作家、杂剧家，与关汉卿、马致远、郑光祖合称为元曲四大家。代表作主要有《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》、《裴少俊墙头马上》、《董月英花月东墙记》等。
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