鹧鸪天·黄沙道中
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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句里春风正剪裁。溪山一片画图开。轻鸥自趁虚船去，荒犬还迎野妇回。
松共竹，翠成堆。要擎残雪斗疏梅。乱鸦毕竟无才思，时把琼瑶蹴下来。
鹧鸪天·黄沙道中译文及注释
译文
在写成的词句中，春风正在为我修改。眼前里展现出一片溪水高山的画图：水里的鸥鸟，轻轻地在水面上荡漾，像乘坐在船上。从荒郊外跑回来的狗，迎着在田野里劳动的妇女回家去了。
松树和竹子交错丛生，远处看，青翠成堆。它们擎着残雪，要和几朵稀疏的梅花争妍。纷乱的鸟鸦毕竟没有擎残雪斗疏梅的才思在树枝上跳来跳去，晶莹洁白像琼瑶似的残雪踩踏下来。
注释
虚船：水鸟在水面上游走，给人以乘船的感觉，但因没有船，所以叫虚船。
无才思：没有知识或不懂事。
琼瑶：指雪。
鹧鸪天·黄沙道中鉴赏
隐居带湖的词人，经常外出，或是观景，或是到远处的书堂读书。这回他到黄沙岭上的书堂去，经过这黄沙道，看见了生气勃勃的初春景象，不禁十分欣喜，马上把自己所见到的溪山人物风景摄取如词。全词显出清新玲拢的风采。首韵欲扬先抑，采用反衬法，写自己正在搜索枯肠，意欲把春风初起的感觉写如诗词而不可得，突然间，眼前出现了一片溪山，清新得如刚打开的溪山画。这就总摄全篇之魂，且为下文的写溪山之美作好了准备。“轻鸥”以下，一句一景，以抓摄的办法把眼前风景的动态和静态特征及神味，都展示了出来。鸥趁空船，犬迎野妇，同为动态画面，而一者自在，一者温馨。一“去”一“回”，景物在变化中相互补足，显示出画面所需要的稳定性。另外，这两句，对仗精工，选词讲究，能够体现作者超然物外的人生意趣。下片起韵，转动为静，写松竹戴雪、疏梅自放的初春特有景象，写得颇有趣味和情韵。松竹梅本是所谓“岁寒三友”，它们经常出现在同一处，或被诗人安排在同一画面中，梅得竹映，气息愈清，精神愈秀，姿态愈美。此处本也应是如此构思。然而作者却别出心裁，以被雪水洗得青翠欲滴但是无花的松竹，来与开放得正香的梅枝竞美。作者以一“斗”字，写出了不服气的松竹联手举起残雪来与梅枝斗美的情态，赋予自然界以人的憨稚，人的情韵。这三句，把松竹的气概和情趣写到了极处。下韵则以一个可爱的细节作为反压，以乱鸦的煞风景没诗情———乱鸦的煞风景并不能取消这风景本身的诗情，来隐示松竹梅这场“较量”的“胜败”，从而把作者对他们这场“较量”的态度，不着痕迹地一收。收得若漫不经心，随意点染，但风景如生，诗情宛然。大作家观物，物中有人，物如其人，从来不“描死”风景。辛弃疾的风景词写得出色有生气，正在于其中渗透了作者的精神气息，使人不仅能从中看见作者的才华，还能看见他的情致。
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王安石《
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书湖阴先生壁》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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