雨霖铃
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唐代]：张祜
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雨霖铃夜却归秦，犹见张徽一曲新。
长说上皇和泪教，月明南内更无人。
雨霖铃鉴赏
全诗共四句，以追述始，写唐明皇自蜀返京，由蜀入秦，恰逢霖雨之夜。地点、情景依旧，然人事全非。使人睹此情景就自然而然地联想起安史之乱，唐明皇仓惶出逃，联想起马嵬坡“六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死”(《长恨歌》)，联想起栈道雨中唐明皇悼念贵妃闻雨而作《雨霖铃曲》的凄凉惨景。诗人让读者产生这么多的联想，是为了让人对唐明皇的悲凉处境作一深刻反省。唐明皇开元年间，天下大治，四海晏然，史家盛称为“开元之治”。然而，到了天宝末年，唐明皇宠幸佞臣，沉湎声色，终日与杨贵妃晏游嬉戏，朝政荒废，怨声四起。可是不久，“渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破《霓裳羽衣曲》”(《长恨歌》)，安禄山、史思明发动的叛乱，撕毁了唐明皇的美梦，迫其弃都西逃。荒淫无道，宠幸佞臣，把唐明皇送上了悲凉的人生之路。西京收复后，唐明皇由蜀归秦，景况是否会改变一下呢？诗人这样写道：“犹是张徽一曲新”。与上句联系起来，恰恰与诗人的未言之意构成鲜明的对比。前者，唐明皇是落难帝王，进不能保社稷，退不能保宠妃，身不由己，悲苦自知；如今，唐明皇是返京的皇帝，青山依旧，江山未改，一切都是那样的熟悉，他又可以称孤道寡，君临天下了。然而，物是人非，爱姬已命丧马嵬，在唐明皇的耳中眼中，只有那雨中栈道和霖雨铃声还有一点新鲜感，只有张徽奏的《雨霖铃曲》还能打动他那木然的灵魂和死去的心。
张徽弹奏的是什么呢？是唐明皇的爱恋、怨恨、悼念和追悔吗？唐明皇听来也许是，不然，他何以感到亲切，何以凄怆流涕！然而，诗人听来却别有韵致：“长说上皇垂泪教，月明南内更无人”。从《雨霖铃曲》中，诗人听出乐工张徽在久久地叙说唐明皇垂泪授曲的情形。叛贼横行，山河破碎，生灵涂炭，唐明皇偏安一隅，不思收复河山，却一直沉湎旧情，念念不忘被逼自缢于马嵬坡的杨贵妃。他常常垂泪向张徽传授自制的《雨霖铃曲》，用以表达对杨贵妃的思恋和怀念。作为一个人，唐明皇这种做法无可厚非。人非草木，孰能无情。但是，作为一个帝王，一个国家陷于战乱时期的帝王，即使他已经逊位，这样沉湎个人私情也不免让人感到太过儿女情肠。
总之，这首诗熔批判和同情为一炉，而诗人那颗忧国忧民之心又隐含其中，构成了阴郁、悲凉的基调，给人一种强烈的历史感和现实感。
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李白《
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望木瓜山》
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缪氏子《
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赋新月》
张祜简介
唐代·张祜的简介
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张祜 字承吉，邢台清河人，唐代著名诗人。出生在清河张氏望族，家世显赫，被人称作张公子，有“海内名士”之誉。张祜的一生，在诗歌创作上取得了卓越成就。“故国三千里，深宫二十年”张祜以是得名，《全唐诗》收录其349首诗歌。
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