去蜀
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唐代]：杜甫
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五载客蜀郡，一年居梓州。
如何关塞阻，转作潇湘游。
世事已黄发，残生随白鸥。
安危大臣在，不必泪长流。
去蜀译文及注释
译文
我在成都客居了五年时间，其中有一年是在梓州度过的。
岂料兵荒马乱，关山交通阻塞，我为什么反要远赴潇湘做客呢？
回顾平生万事，一无所成却已经年老，余生只能像江上白鸥一样漂泊。
国家安危大计自有当政大臣支撑，我这个不在其位的人何须枉自老泪长流呢！
注释
去蜀：将离蜀，作诗总结几年的漂泊生涯，故为此题。蜀，广义指四川，此诗专指成都。
蜀郡：秦灭古蜀国，始置蜀郡。汉仍其旧，辖境包有今四川省中部大部分，治所在成都。此指成都。杜甫于唐肃宗上元元年（760年）初借居成都草堂寺，后移居新建之草堂，至唐代宗永泰元年（765年）五月离蜀，前后共六年，期间有一年多流寓梓州、阆州等地，在成都前后合计约五年。
梓州：四川三台，唐肃宗乾元元年（758年）改梓潼郡为梓州。
如何：犹岂料。关塞：边关；边塞。
潇湘：湘江与潇水的并称，二水是湖南境内两条重要河流，此泛指湖南地区。
世：一作“万”。黄发：年老。
残生：残余的岁月、生命。
大臣：泛指朝廷掌权者。
不：一作“何”。
去蜀创作背景
《去蜀》作于唐代宗永泰元年（765年）。这年四月，杜甫的朋友剑南节度使兼成都府尹严武去世，他在蜀中失去依靠，于五月离开成都，乘船东下，写了这首以“去蜀”为题的诗。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：286-288
去蜀鉴赏
此诗首联“五载客蜀郡，一年居梓州”是说诗人在成都客居了五年时间，其中一年还是在梓州（四川三台）度过的。颔联“如何关塞阻，转作潇湘游”，意思是说：当前到处兵荒马乱，关山交通阻塞，我为什么反要远赴潇湘作客呢？这是以设问的语气表达难言的隐衷，是问自己，也是问一切关心他的亲友。言下之意是自己是知道时局如此纷乱不宜远行的，表隐衷而出以设问，无奈与愤激之情自见。在严武当政时期，为了照顾诗人贫困生活，曾表荐他为节度参谋，检校工部员外郎，但诗人性忠直难被群僚所容，时受讥讽，因此不久坚决辞职归草堂。严武在世时尚且如此，此时他人亡职歇，更待不下去了。暗示此去原非本意乃是迫不得已。诗人前往，因为那边有可以投靠的亲友故旧，如舅父崔伟，朋友韦之晋、裴虬等人。
颈联说：回顾平生万事，一无所成，可头上发丝已由白转黄，表明身衰体弱之极；而展望此去前程，又是那么渺茫难测，只能以抱病残生像江上白鸥一样到处飘泊了。这是在去意已决之后，抚今追昔的感慨，“去蜀”之举更显其悲。困苦生涯，莫此为甚，不能不悲愤交集，“黄发”、“白鸥”联成对仗，表示行廉志洁如故，决不肯为穷困改节。由此结出尾联的反语。尾联说：国家安危的大计，自有当政的王公大臣支撑，我这个不在其位的寒儒何须杞人忧天，枉自老泪长流呢！表面是在负气说话自我解脱，其实是位卑忧国的肺腑之言。明知这班肉食鄙夫只会以权谋私，承担不起国家顶梁柱的重任，而自己“致君尧舜”的理想久遭扼杀，国之将覆，不能不悲。寄忠诚忧国之思于愤激言辞之内，感人的力度更见强烈。清人蒋士铨有诗赞杜甫云：“独向乱离忧社稷，直将歌哭老风尘。”（《南池杜少陵祠堂》）指的正是这位诗圣的高尚情操。
这首四十个字的短小五言律诗，总结了诗人在蜀五年多的全部生活，笔调堪称恢宏寥阔。而此诗尾联用激切语言所寄托的深于忧患不忘国难的赤诚丹心，更是一篇精髓所在。
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纳兰性德《
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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