存殁口号二首
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唐代]：杜甫
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席谦不见近弹棋，毕曜仍传旧小诗。
玉局他年无限笑，白杨今日几人悲。
郑公粉绘随长夜，曹霸丹青已白头。
天下何曾有山水，人间不解重骅骝。
存殁口号二首译文及注释
译文
近来都没有见到善于弹棋的席谦，工诗的毕曜虽已离去，仍然传诵他生前创作的诗歌。想起以前与席谦一起弹棋时的那些带来无限快乐的事感到无比惆怅，而如今面对毕曜墓地上的白杨树能有几人悲伤呢？
郑虔的那些粉绘，随着他的死亡早变成绝笔，曹霸虽然还画着丹青，但也已经白了头。啊，自从郑公殁后，这满天之下，哪里还有什么真正的山水？尽管曹将军尚存，而这人间，也并没有谁懂得去重视骅骝！
注释
存殁（mò）：生存和死亡，生死，生者和死者。口号：古诗标题用语。表示随口吟成和“口占”相似。两首诗各咏两个人物，都是一生一死，故题为“存殁口号”。
席谦不见近：即不见近席谦。近，接近，亲近。近，近来。弹棋：亦作弹棊，弹碁。古代博戏之一。
毕曜（yào）：原注：“毕曜善为小诗。”韩成武注：“毕曜，肃宗时人，工诗。乾元间为监察御史，尔后以酷毒流贬黔中（今重庆市彭水），其殁当在此时。”旧：过去的，原来的。
玉局：棋盘的美称。这里借指善弹棋的席谦。他年：往年，以前。无限：无数，谓数量极多。笑：一作“事”。
白杨：指生长于墓地周围的白杨树。几人：多少人。几，数词，用于询问数量。悲：伤心，哀痛。
郑公：郑虔，唐代文学家、书画家。粉绘：彩色的图画。随：跟着，随着。长夜：谓人死后埋于地下，永处黑暗之中，如漫漫长夜。指死亡。
曹霸：唐代最有名的鞍马人物画家之一，开元间的名画家。丹青：丹和青是中国古代绘画中常用之色。泛指绘画艺术。白头：白发，形容年老。
何曾：用于反问句，表示不曾。山水：山水画的简称。
人间：世间。不解：不懂，不理解。重：重视，看重。骅骝（huáliú）：周穆王八骏马之一。泛指骏马。
参考资料：
1、邓魁英 聂石樵．杜甫选集．上海：上海古籍出版社，2012：312
存殁口号二首创作背景
这两首诗是唐代宗大历元年（766年）杜甫寓居夔州时因怀念故友而作。黄鹤注：“据郑虔死于广德二年（764年），则梁氏编在大历元年为是。”
参考资料：
1、邓魁英 聂石樵．杜甫选集．上海：上海古籍出版社，2012：312
存殁口号二首鉴赏
第一首诗开头两句“席谦不见近弹棋，毕曜仍传旧小诗”紧扣题目和诗的内容叙写事实，介绍人物，交代情况，顺承事件，思想感情发展顺序，直接引起下文。善弹棋的席谦，诗人说“近不见。”“近”既可以指时间短，也可以指距离短。从交往来说两人近来没有接近。可见诗人心中却十分想念他。毕曜工诗已殁。杜甫十分关注他生前的诗的流传，一直关念死去的诗人，可以说毕曜活在杜甫心中。
第三句“玉局他年无限事”，承前首句。诗人回忆往年与席谦弹棋，彼此交往的许多给人带来欢乐和高兴的事，其间充满着真挚深厚的友谊，唤起幸福的美好回忆。这句进一步申述了首句诗人思念席谦，想见他的原因。
这首诗的结语“白杨今日几人悲”承前第二句，用反问，即从问语中推出应当得到的答案，表面上是肯定“几人悲”，实质上是否定。此句描写了一片荒凉之境，没有几个人面对毕曜坟地上白杨悲伤，即无人悲伤，带有诗人感叹情味，悲叹人们对毕曜的冷落，反衬出诗人对死者的无比怀念。反问还有促使人集中注意力，引起人的想像和激情的作用。此句还用了因物及人、忆物思人的写法，写得精炼形象而悲怆，感情深挚。诗人怀念之情暗寓景物中，含蕴无穷，耐人寻味，反比直抒更为有力。
第二首诗首句“郑公粉绘随长夜”中的郑公是对郑虔的尊称。郑虔是杜甫的好友，多才多艺，诗、书、画造诣均高，尤其擅长山水画。此句用长夜喻指死亡，因人死后埋在地下永不见天日，很富形象性。郑公的彩色图画随长夜，成了绝笔。句中饱含悲惋之情。
次句“曹霸丹青已白头”曹霸著名画家，画马专家，也精于肖像和动物及其它。杜甫在《丹青引赠曹将军霸》中写道“穷途反遭俗眼白，世上未有如公贫。但看古来盛名下，终日坎壈（困顿，不得志）缠其身。”曹霸生活清苦，热爱艺术，不慕名利。杜甫既赞扬了曹霸把毕生精力献给艺术的高贵品质和崇高精神，又对他的身世悲痛惋惜。
第三句“天下何曾有山水”这句用反问，表示否定的意思。杜甫称赞郑虔，在其死后天下再也没有山水了。郑虔善画山水画，曾写诗画献给唐玄宗，得玄宗在画后题“郑虔三绝”。画家黄宾虹在《画学篇》中将其与王维并称，“郑虔王维作水墨，合诗书画三绝俱。”郑虔的山水画，可以以假乱真。由此可见，杜甫对郑虔的山水画的高度的评价，不是夸大而是出自内心的大加赞许，并非虚誉。
末句“人间不解重骅骝”是说世间不会看重曹霸及其鞍马画，实际的意思是表示，像曹霸（也包括像郑虔）这样的有真才实学、德艺双馨的人得不到社会应有的重视。杜甫在这里讲了真话、实话。这是诗人对郑虔、曹霸这些德才兼备的人才的身世和不幸遭遇鸣不平，是发自内心深处的悲怨。
杜甫自己一生的遭遇和身世，使他深深地体会到了那个社会生存的艰难，深刻地理解了那个时代的苦难。友谊是生活中的美酒，无比醇浓，飘溢着醉人的芬芳，这两首诗中诗人所抒发的友爱之情，非常浓烈，醇美无比。
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晏殊《
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临江仙·资善堂中三十载》
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纳兰性德《
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鹊桥仙·乞巧楼空》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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陆游
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山如嵩少三十六，水似邛郲九折途。
我老正须闲处著，白云一半肯分无？
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题方方壶画垂纶意 其一
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明代：
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蓝仁
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渔父空头白，生涯一舸微。欲浮沧海去，又逐暮潮归。