筹笔驿
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唐代]：罗隐
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抛掷南阳为主忧，北征东讨尽良筹。
时来天地皆同力，运去英雄不自由。
千里山河轻孺子，两朝冠剑恨谯周。
唯余岩下多情水，犹解年年傍驿流。
筹笔驿译文及注释
译文
诸葛亮抛弃隐居为主人分担兴汉之优，四处征战竭尽全力帷幄运良筹。
时势顺利时仿佛天地都齐心协力，大运一去即使英雄也难以指挥自由。
蜀汉千里江山被小子轻易抛掷。遗恨编纬只能怪两朝老臣谯周。
而今只剩下山岩旁多情的江水，仿佛怀念，往事不停地绕驿奔流。
注释
筹笔驿：在四川广元县，相传蜀相诸葛亮出兵伐魏，曾驻军筹画于此。
抛掷：投，扔，指别离。南阳：诸葛亮隐居的地方隆中（今湖北襄阳）属南阳郡。
北征：指攻打曹操。东讨：指攻打孙权。
时来：时机到来。同力：同心协力。
运去：时运过去。自由：自己能够作主。
孺子：指蜀后主刘禅。
两朝：指刘备、刘禅两朝。冠剑：指文臣、武将。谯周：蜀臣，因力劝刘禅降魏令人痛恨。
解：知道，懂得。
参考资料：
1、周柳燕．御定全唐诗简编（下册）：海南出版社，2014：1613
2、孙建军．《全唐诗》选注：线装书局，2002：4472
3、王洪．唐诗精华分卷：朝华出版社，1991：1180
筹笔驿创作背景
这是一首怀古诗，可能是作者落第后游览筹笔驿时所作，具体创作年代不详。
参考资料：
1、李洪光．大学语文经典读本：山东画报出版社，2007：253
筹笔驿鉴赏
此诗首联就联系诸葛亮，再联系筹笔驿作出高度的总括：“抛掷南阳为主忧，北征东讨尽良筹。”诸葛亮因刘备三顾茅庐去请他，他抛弃了在南阳的隐居生活，为主公刘备分忧，出来辅佐刘备建功立业。北征东讨的运筹帷幄，他的计谋都是好的。这里主要是北征，筹笔驿是为伐魏运筹，是北征；东征是陪衬，不实指打东吴。刘备去打东吴，诸葛亮是反对的，他没有东讨。这里实际上是“南征北伐”，不说“南征北伐”而说“北征东讨”，因为上句已用了“南”字，为避开重复，所以这样说。
颌联“时来天地皆同力，运去英雄不自由。”时来句当战赤壁之战，当时孙权、刘备两家的兵力，联合起来也不能与曹操大军相比。只是倚靠了长江之险，曹操北方的军队不习水战。又靠了东风，好用火攻来烧毁曹军的战船取胜，这是利用天时地理来获胜，所以说“天地皆同力”。时运不济，像李商隐诗里说的：“关张无命欲何如？”关羽、张飞都早死了，不能帮助诸葛亮北伐，英雄也不由自主。
颈联“千里山河轻孺子，两朝冠剑恨谯周。”诸葛亮死后，魏将邓艾率军攻蜀，谯周劝后主投降。后主听了他的话投降了。蜀国千里山河，孺子阿斗轻轻地断送了。在刘备和后主两朝的文臣武将，主要是指诸葛亮，他既管政事，又管军事，是两朝冠剑。他如有知，一定是恨谯周的。
尾联归结到筹笔驿：“唯余岩下多情水，犹解年年傍驿流。”在驿亭的岩下水，还在傍驿流着，好像在怀念诸葛亮。
这首诗先想到诸葛亮，写他的出山和北伐，肯定他的用兵“尽良筹”，这就跟筹笔驿的规划军事结合。既然是“尽良筹”，而他的出师到底有利无利，这就开出颔联，归于时运，时来才有利，运去就难办了。颈联归到运去，于是孺子抛弃山河，谯周主张归降。归结到岩下水的多情。这里把诸葛亮规划的胜利和挫折归于时运。李商隐《筹笔驿》：“管乐有才真不忝，关张无命欲何如？”也认为北伐的所以不能成功，由于关张无命，不能帮助他北伐，也归结命运。温庭筠《经五丈原》：“下国卧龙空寤主，中原逐鹿不由人。”他称蜀国为下国，称魏国为中原，含有上国的意思。下国和中原对抗，含有大小强弱不同的意味，所以说“中原逐鹿不由人”，即认为偏处西南的弱小的下国要跟中原强大的魏国逐鹿，是不由人力的，即诸葛亮的北伐要用蜀国来统一中原，也非人力能达，这就不把北伐的不能成功归之于时运或天命了。这样的看法胜过两篇《筹笔驿》的看法。
就写筹笔驿说，李商隐诗的开头：“猿鸟犹疑畏简书，风云长为护储胥。”何焯批李诗：“起二句即目前所见，觉武侯英灵奕奕如在。”看到筹笔驿上的猿鸟还像在畏简书，风云长期在保护营栅，极力写出诸葛亮的英灵如在。这个开头是既切题又推尊诸葛亮，写得非常有力，不是罗隐的多情永傍驿流所能比的。
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黄庭坚《
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观道二篇》
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温庭筠《
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过陈琳墓》
罗隐简介
唐代·罗隐的简介
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罗隐（833-909），字昭谏，新城（今浙江富阳市新登镇）人，唐代诗人。生于公元833年（太和七年），大中十三年（公元859年）底至京师，应进士试，历七年不第。咸通八年（公元867年）乃自编其文为《谗书》，益为统治阶级所憎恶，所以罗衮赠诗说：“谗书虽胜一名休”。后来又断断续续考了几年，总共考了十多次，自称“十二三年就试期”，最终还是铩羽而归，史称“十上不第”。黄巢起义后，避乱隐居九华山，光启三年（公元887年），55岁时归乡依吴越王钱镠，历任钱塘令、司勋郎中、给事中等职。公元909年（五代后梁开平三年）去世，享年77岁。
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