游太平公主山庄
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唐代]：韩愈
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公主当年欲占春，故将台榭押城闉。
欲知前面花多少，直到南山不属人。
游太平公主山庄译文及注释
译文
太平公主当年想占尽春色，把自己山庄的亭台楼阁筑得高过城闉。
要想知道山庄前面的花木还有多少，一直延伸到终南山也不属于他人。
注释
太平公主：武则天之女。
占春：占尽人间春光美色。
台榭（xiè）：亭台楼阁。
城闉（yīn）：城门外层的曲城。
南山：指终南山。
游太平公主山庄创作背景
该诗写于唐宪宗元和八年（公元813年）春，韩愈三为博士时。作者所游太平公主山庄的故址，他通过写太平公主大肆修建亭台楼阁，以此来讥讽她的奢华和贪欲，便作下该首诗。
参考资料：
1、卞孝萱，张清华．韩愈集：凤凰出版社，2014.10：20
2、刘维．唐诗三百首 图文本：黑龙江科学技术出版社，2015.02：81
游太平公主山庄鉴赏
第一句“公主当年欲占春”是写“公主当年”的事。这是指公主凭借其权势，围地为庄，要想独自占有长安近郊的山色春光的事情。公主早已不在，人去事非，这当然是诗人游其故地而追怀过去的事情，所以诗人用了“当年”，诗一开头就点出此事已经过去，言外之意对现在仍有现实意义，即借古讽今之意。“公主”是指太平公主，武则天的女儿，否则，既使有这个野心想“欲占春”也没有这个胆，也只有武则天的女儿才会有如此野心和斗胆，太平公主是一个不折不扣的封建统治阶级中最具野心勃勃的女性。“欲占”则更是精妙绝伦、警辟含深奇崛之语，钱可以占，地可以占，甚至人也可以占，可春天却不能占。春光能占的话，就是痴人说梦话了。这里本来是指太平公主大兴土木。建山庄别墅。可诗人不正面说建别墅山庄，却偏说“欲占春”，写得何等意味深长，连春天春光都可以占，反过来说还有什么不能占，“欲占春”三个字一出，太平公主，何止一个太平公主人，简直就是整个统治阶级的骄横贪婪的嘴脸，欲壑难填的本性就被揭露得血淋淋，真是“欲占春”三字见血，酣畅痛快。
第二句“故将台榭压城闉”仍然是写“当年”事，仍然是诗人游览故地发生的故事。在绵延数十里的长安城附近山庄别墅中，建的亭台楼阁要比帝都长安的城墙还要高，其野心是很大的。这样大兴土木，这样奢侈，这样野心，这样贪婪，这样放肆，诗人只用了两个字“压”和“故”，“压”是超过。不言而喻是用公主建的“台榭”超过帝都长安城。言外之意，不仅是亭台楼阁规模大得惊人，而且也指出太平公主势力之大乃炙手可热。一个“压”字写出多少要说而说不尽的含义，只在一字中，尽显诗人功底之风流。“故”是有意，当然是要建造的亭台楼阁在长安豪华无双了，言外之意，是公主为所欲为、不可一世至极。
第三四句“欲知前面花多少，直到南山不属人”继续描写庄园别墅规模之大，绵延数十里，直到终南山，山庄之广袤一眼望不到边，无涯无际，林木繁茂，绿海茫茫。前句不疑故问，后句以“不属人”给以回答。诗人刚刚把他的心扉向读者打开一条缝隙，透露出一点点内心深处的想法：当年人间多有不平事，有钱有势者什么都可霸占——人家的田地、人家的妻女，甚而连春天也想霸占，却又立即由遐想回到了现实：现在是诗人“游”山庄，山庄自然少不了花草树木，又正值山花烂漫的春天，诗人就脱口而出：“欲知前面花多少，直到南山不属人”前句故设疑问，并不正面回答，转而融GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人景，给读者留下充分的想象余地，后句写出了“直到南山不属人”，偌大的林海，广袤无际。景色是翠绿动人的，但感情却是沉重的。眼前的广袤山庄，正好象征着太平公主生前煊赫的声势。“势入浮云亦是崩”，倒台之迅速与太平公主当时不可一世的声势，恰恰形成极富于讽刺性的鲜明对照。诗人将无比丰富的历史内容熔铸在这简短的“欲知前面花多少，直到南山不属人”十四个字里。这两句与前两句似断而实连，诗意从山庄犹在，就在“前面”，但这偌大山庄不知道属于谁。诗人没有说，也没有必要说，太平公主早已不复存在，过去“不属人”，现在事过境迁，当然山庄不能为公主独占，公主又何能“欲占春”。诗人用第三句的“花”字与第一句“春”字巧妙的连承，使诗翻出了新意：太平公主的形象在后人的心目中再次复现：一个野心勃勃、骄横贪婪、欲壑难填的有史以来又一女性。后两句表面看来似乎是对诗人所游的山庄之大的惊叹夸耀，骨子里却是深寓贬意、谴意。从游山庄到现在，从诗人自己写到游“山庄”之花木丛林，实际上却有形愈松而意愈紧的效果，在轻浅疏淡的笔墨中显示出了厚重的力量，欲不讽刺而不能，不谴责而不能的境界。
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韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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畴昔之京国，荒凉见兹县。今我复斯来，甫田昔为佃。
颇闻长官仁，招集得民便。麦秀匝四野，牛羊勿履践。