柳营曲·叹世
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元代]：马谦斋
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手自搓，剑频磨。古来丈夫天下多。青镜摩挲，白首蹉跎，失志困衡窝。有声名谁识廉颇？广才学不用萧何。忙忙的逃海滨，急急的隐山阿。今日个，平地起风波。
柳营曲·叹世译文及注释
译文
搓着自己的手掌，一遍遍将宝剑研磨，自古以来世上的大丈夫实在太多。而如今不少人揽镜自照，发现自己已是两鬓斑白，满头银发，真是虚度光阴，怀才不遇，困茅屋窝。可叹有谁赏识廉颇的名声，有谁去用萧何的才学。急急忙忙逃至到海边，隐居深山去吧。在这世道，平地里也会生起风波。
注释
剑频磨：喻胸怀壮志，准备大显身手。
青镜摩挲：言对镜自照，白发欺人。青镜，青铜镜。摩挲，抚摩。蹉跎：虚度光阴。
衡窝：隐者居住的简陋房屋。
廉颇：战国时赵国的良将。
萧何：汉高祖的开国元勋。
山阿：大的山谷。
今日个：今天。个：语助词。
风波：借指仕途的凶险。
参考资料：
1、关汉卿．《元曲三百首》：中国华侨出版社，2013年：第228页
柳营曲·叹世鉴赏
《柳营曲·叹世》流露了对现实的不满之意。在元代，许多文人胸怀大志，但结果只是“白首蹉跎，失志困衡窝”，纵使才高如萧何，声名如廉颇，也得不到赏识重用，还不如赶快去往海滨山里，做一个快活渔樵，又何苦在这险恶的世道上，无端惹风波。以辛辣之笔，抨击统治者不能任GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人才，反而使他们非逃即隐的黑暗现实。此作言词简短，愤懑之情溢于言表，风格苍劲奔放。
此曲子以时间顺序先写青年时期摩拳擦掌，频磨剑锋，希望以后能出人头地，自古而来，胸怀负的男儿比比皆是。接下来写自己求仕未遂，到头来却落得抚摸铜镜，叹息白发如雪、岁月蹉跎，潦倒困顿在穷街陋室。又以廉颇和萧何的典故寄遇自己怀才不遇的愤懑之情。说自己有廉颇一般的威名却无人赏识，有如萧何一样的博学却不得任用。而那些已经蒽名就的天下莘莘才士们，都争先恐后地逃往了海滨，归隐了山河，只因为仕途险恶，每每平地上便掀起了风波。
曲文的起首两句，塑造了诗人早年壮志满怀、意气风发的昂扬形象。再加上“古来丈夫天下多”，自许男儿、不甘人后的气概更是呼之欲出。然而紧接着的三句现实情状，却是一落千丈，“勋业频看镜”，“白发千茎雪”，这两句杜诗恰可作为此情此景的传神写照。这种大起大落，便带出了全曲的怨意；而前时的“古来丈夫天下多”，也就为将一己的哀伤扩展到“叹世”的主题作了铺垫。
七、八两句，慨叹入仕的艰难，为“失志困衡窝”的起由作了注脚。廉颇是七国争雄时代赵国的名将，《史记》载他“伐齐，大破之，取晋阳，拜为上卿，以勇力闻于诸侯”。晚年获罪奔魏，时赵王数困于秦兵，想重新起召，廉颇也壮心不已，在赵王使者前“一饭斗米、肉十斤，被甲上马，以示尚可用”。却不料因使者“一饭三遗矢”的谗言，终遭摒弃。萧何则以广有才学著称于史，为汉朝开国第一功臣。“有声名谁识廉颇，广才学不用萧何”，这正是贤愚不分、英雄失路的不合理情状的典型概括。
并未停留在怀才不遇的感慨上，又进一步触及了元代仕途的险恶，“廉颇”、“萧何”们“白首蹉跎”不算，还要逃海滨、隐山阿，而且是“忙忙”兼“急急”，逃隐唯恐不及。为什么呢？原来是“今日个，平地起风波”，灾祸大难随时都会临头。这就暴露出官场倾轧、伴君如伴虎等等的政治黑暗。这三句从入仕的艰难直接跳入入仕的危机，在某种意义上说是的自嘲自解，但更多的是表现了进退失路的绝望。
此曲子夹叙夹议，艺术地概括了元代社会尤为严重的扼杀人才的弊政，以及官场的险恶难测，风格精警，把宦沉浮、仕途凶险刻画得十分深刻形象，具有很高的思想性和艺术性。
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和凝《
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马谦斋简介
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马谦斋，[元]（约公元一三一七年前后在世）名、字、里、生卒年及生平均不详，约元仁宗延佑中前后在世。与张可久同时，且相识。工散曲，太平乐府等曲选集中所收颇多。张可久有《天净沙·马谦斋园亭》,曾在大都（今北京）作过官，辞官后归隐，有人说他后来隐居杭州。现存小令十七首
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