奉答李和甫代简二绝句
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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山色江声相与清，卷帘待得月华生。
可怜一曲并船笛，说尽故人离别情。
梦中往事随心见，醉里繁华乱眼生。
长为风流恼人病，不如天性总无情。
奉答李和甫代简二绝句译文及注释
译文
黄昏时分，山色清幽，江声寂静，卷起白天遮阳的帘子，等待东方一轮明月冉冉升起。突然江边并排停泊的两只船上，传来悠扬的笛声，仿佛吹笛人在向远方的朋友诉说离别的情怀。
往事历历在目，在梦中还随心可见，那些荣华富贵都是醉乡乱眼中的幻像而已。长期以来都是因为耿介不屈的性格惹了这么多烦心事。还不如天性无情，那样就不会有这样的痛苦了。
注释
⑴李和甫：作者友人，生平不详。
⑵相与：共同，一道。
⑶待得：等到。月华：月光，借代月亮本身。
⑷可怜：可爱。
⑸故人：旧交，老友。
⑹随心：顺遂心意。
⑺繁华：繁荣美盛。
⑻风流：指高洁不群的品格和耿介不屈的性格，是诗人所苦苦追求的理想，并非指风流韵事。恼人病：意即恼杀人，这里是正话反说。
⑼天性：先天具有的品质或性情。
奉答李和甫代简二绝句创作背景
这是黄庭坚以诗作为对朋友来信的回复。元丰六年（1083年），黄庭坚在吉州太和县（今江西泰和）任县令，有一位名叫李和甫的友人写给他一封信，也可能是以诗代简，于是黄庭坚写了两首绝句“奉答”。
参考资料：
1、史乘 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：600-601
奉答李和甫代简二绝句鉴赏
古人有以诗代简（书信）的习惯，如杜甫就有《奉简高三十五使君》、《得广州张判官叔卿书使还以诗代意》等诗。在黄庭坚这组诗的第一首中，诗人以托景寄情的艺术手法，抒发了对睽别已久的远方友人的怀念之情。
太和县地处赣江边，有山有水，景色优美。诗的一二两句“山色江声相与清，卷帘待得月华生”，诗人用生花妙笔向友人描绘了一幅秋江晚景图。此情此景，最容易引起怀远之情。突然，江边并排的两只船上，传来悠扬的笛声。这笛音如泣如诉，如怨如慕，引起诗人的共鸣，使他也沉浸在深切的对友人的思念之中。此处暗用向秀闻笛思秘康之典，令人不觉。
诗的一二两句，在技巧上运用了诗人所倡导的“取古人之陈言入于翰墨，如灵丹一粒，点铁成金”（《答洪驹父书》）的方法。杜甫《书堂饮既夜复邀李尚书下马月下赋绝句》诗中有“湖水（一作月）林风相与清，残尊下马复同倾”二句，黄庭坚进行一番脱胎换骨，取其“相与清”三字，并以杜甫与友人于湖边月下共叙友情，来反衬此时此地思念远方友人的寂寥寡欢。欧阳修《临江仙》词中有“阑干倚处，待得月华生”之句，黄庭坚则直接袭用其中“待得月华生”五字。这首诗虽用了“古人之陈言”，但用得妥贴，并无拼凑之痕。
在组诗第二首中，诗人尽情地向友人倾诉自己心情的苦闷。黄庭坚所处的时代，社会矛盾尖锐、复杂，他洁身自好，不随流俗，常常因所追求的理想无法实现而流露出不满现实的情绪，于是在参禅、饮酒中寻求解脱。这首诗就真切地反映了这种内心的庸苦。
这首绝句一二两句对仗工整，感慨深沉。茫茫往事，只能到梦中去追寻；日有所思，夜有所梦，梦中往事能“随心”见，可见日间思念之切。而现实中所谓繁华，在醉人眼里，不过是混沌一片罢了。诗人对朋友交情的诚笃，对富贵荣华的淡漠，于此可见。“梦中”句写已往之事，即使在梦里还能随心凸现，为人忠鲠真切一语道出，“醉里”句暗写时局纷纭，新贵迭进，但在诗人看来只是醉乡乱眼的幻象而已。“乱眼”在更多时间是冷眼，黄庭坚入苏东坡门下，一生颠沛，而这一联诗正可作其行事立身的注解，可见其发自肺腑。
诗的三四两句自诉品格坚毅文采俊朗，与时世的污浊格格不入，有与东坡“聪明误”相近的感慨，郁忿中深寓“荷出淤泥，松薄霜雪”的自赏，作者在其它的一些诗作如“我官尘土间，强折腰不弯”（《送陈季常归洛》）里对这种理想进行了直白的注释。所谓举世漫涎不足与之庄言，这是典型的例子。此联说自己“长为风流”（品德美好而且忠贞不渝）却于己于人有碍，因而不如“无情”省心。其作用是，在内容上揭示了自己对社会现实（“梦里繁华”）不愿阿附曲从的主旨，在表达技巧上用反语的修辞手法取得了较正面直说更深的感染力。
黄庭坚的好友张耒在《读黄鲁直诗》中曾颂扬他：“不践前人旧行迹，独惊斯世擅风流。”诗人因理想无法达到而深感痛苦。而第四句“不如天性总无情”更是一句反话。说来沉痛之至，比正面直陈具有更感人的艺术力量。
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白居易《
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夜雨》
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温庭筠《
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南歌子词二首》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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